The graphic image of the ієrarchіchії file structure is named. Files and file structure of the computer as a universal attachment File structure of the disk

"File archive" - ​​Server file system. FTP client. Exchange program ftp-files. Server file system2. Koristuvach. FTP protocol. Server protocol interpreter1. Server Transfer Program 2. danich. Data channel. Victory archives. The server starts up at the next hour when the computer is busy. Data exchange in FTP is carried out behind a TCP channel.

"Images in Word" - Robot with pictures in text editor Microsoft Word. Select lines, arrows, figures. I live! Skidannya nalashtuvan little one. Look at the menu of the Malyuvannya panel. Go with the little ones. Change of yaskravost. Manager. Two buttons on the Malyuvannya panel will help you add a picture, add babies. For the creation of a thin object.

"Image" - A squeeze image. Image submission. Omit the coding at the double value. Right. Dali reverify the maritime regions for homogeneity and anger as much as possible. Search the base of these images. Let's recreate (blowing) the image. Data base structures for images. Oriental architecture of data base for images.

"The cylinder is called the body" - The height of the cylinder is 8 m, the radius of the base is 5 m. Solution: The project "Mathematics in the profession" Cook, confectioner ". Task #3. Cylinder. The cylinders have a regular six-point prism. We know the length (h) of the OK perpendicular. 4) Behind the mind AB \u003d A "B" \u003d M "\u003d 8. For a straight-cut tricot AOK leg AK \u003d 4. Same for the Pythagorean theorem h \u003d OK \u003d \u003d \u003d 3 m.

"Creating graphic images" - The Auto Shapes button is assigned for painting various geometric shapes. Autofigures. Raster characteristic vector graphics. The position of the graphic image in the text. Inserted a little from the file. Insert pictures from Microsoft Office collections. Inserted? Baby? Z file. Insert little collections in the text.

"Computer graphics" - Raster graphics. Great promises of tribute. The skin dot of the screen could be more than two levels - "black" or "bila". Format raster graphics files. Pixel is the smallest element raster image. Computer graphics. The color of the image can be different depth of color (bit to point 4, 8, 16, 24).

Description of the presentation

keywords logical im'll add new memory file file naming rules to directory root directory file structure path to file outside im'i file

Logical names of extensions in outer memory In Windows OS, logical names of extensions in the logical memory are adopted, which are composed of one Latin letter and two-mark character: for floppy disk drives (floppy disks) - A: and B: for hard disks and їх logical partitions - C:, D:C( C:) D (D:) for optical drives - names that follow the alphabet after the name of the remaining name on the computer hard drive otherwise I split the zhorstkoy DVD disc RW drive (E:) A (A:) for flash memory, which is connected to the computer, - it follows the rest of the optical drive's name (for example, F:) Winter disk(F:) Linux has other rules for naming disks and partitions. For example: logical divisions that lie on the first hard disk, possess the names hda 1, hda 2, etc.; logical partitions that lie on another hard drive, rim names hdb 1 hdb 2 and so on.

File - this is the name of the area of ​​the outer memory. The file system is part of the OS, which defines the organization method, saving and naming files on the information carrier. File-documents are created and processed for additional files-additions. Document Addendum Graphic Text Application program. File. The name of the file is composed of two parts separated by a dot: according to the name of the file, that extension. Vlasne, I give the file a koristuvach. The name extension is set by the program automatically at the time the file was created. File type Attach extension System file drv, sys Text file txt, rtf, docx, odt Graphic file bmp, gif, jpg, tif, png, pds Web-side htm, html Sound file wav, mp 3, midi, kar, ogg Video file avi, mpeg Archive zip, rar Spreadsheet xls, ods Code (text) programs bas, pas

Catalogs Catalog — name of files and sub-catalogues (catalog sub-folders). catalog itself upper level called the root directory. In Windows, root directories are assigned to the logical name of the root directory with the "\" character (A: \, C: \, D: \, E: \) In Linux OS, hard drive directories are not root directories. The stinks are mounted in the mnt directory. Other external memory attachments (gnuchka, optical and flash disks) are "mounted" in the media directory. The mnt and media directories, in their own way, are "mounted" into a single root directory, which is denoted by the "/" sign.

File structure of a disk File structure of a disk is the totality of files on a disk and the interrelationships between them. Simple file structures can be searched for disks with a small (up to ten dozen) number of files. ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— —— A: \ d 1. txt d 2. txt d 3. txt d 4. txt d 5. txt

File structure of a disk File structure of a disk is the totality of files on a disk and the interrelationships between them. ІІєєrarchіchіchnі fileііlі structures vykorіvuyutsya for zberіgannya ї ї ії ії ії іїї ії іїї ії іїї іїї іїї іїї іїї іїїїї іїїїїіїі вільівії. A graphical representation of a hierarchical file structure is called a tree. —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— —— E: video recording avi chart. xls text letter. txt numbers. txt image photo Biya. jpeg Katun. jpeg Onegin. doc aquarium. bmp ringtone. mp

Disk file structure Under Windows, directories of various disks can be made up of about a dozen trees. In Linux, the directories are combined into one tree, a syllable for all disks. Tree-like hierarchical structures can be displayed vertically and horizontally. bin home usr var ... shogun methody bin etc doc ... -filename-with-text

Outside im'ya file Ways to the file - the names of all directories in the root before where the file is located. In Windows, the path to the file starts with a logical name; I will add an external memory; after the name of the skin subdirectory, a trailing slash is put: E: image\photo\Katun. jpeg OS Linux way the file starts with the name of a single root directory; after the name of the skin directory, put a forward slash: /home/methody/text You cannot have two files, they may have the same names.

Koristuvach pratsyuvav z catalog C: Fizika Zavdannya Mekhanika. Back to back, going up one row uphill, then again going up one row uphill, and then descending into the Ispit directory, which contains the Nutrition file. doc. Which way to which file? Solution: Task 1 C: Physics Task. Koristuvach pratsyuvav from the Mechanic catalog. Climbing one row up the hill, leaning back in the catalog: Climbing another row up the hill, leaning back in the catalog: After the first row descending to the directory Іspit: Іspit The next path to the file may look: C: \Physics\Іspit.

Task 2 The teacher worked at the catalog D: \ Lessons \ 7th grade \ Practical work. Let's move from the catalog tree to the river, going down to the Presentation subdirectory and viewing the Introduction file. ppt. Yakim є povne іm'ya file, which one has seen the reader? Solution. Koristuvach pratsyuvav іz catalogue: 7th grade lessons. D: Practical work. Climbing one row uphill, leaning back in catalosis: Going down one row, leaning back in catalosis Presentations: Presentations. In the catalog of the presentation of wines, having removed the Introduction file. Outside im'ya to a remote file: D: \Lessons\7th grade\Presentation\Introduction. ppt

Working with files Files are created behind the help of programming systems software. Basic operations with files: copy (make a copy of the file in a different directory or another port); moving (move the file to a different directory or to a different one, the original file is deleted); rename (change the name of the file according to the name of the file); vydalennya (at the end of the catalog the object is missing). Operate with files and folders. swf. When searching for a file, you can select a mask for the file name - a sequence of letters, digits, and other characters allowed in file names, a code: ? (Nutritional sign) - means exactly one additional character; * (Zіrochka) - means be-like (among those empty) the sequence of symbols of a long life. For example, behind the mask n? . * files with sufficient extensions and double-term names that start with the letter "n" will be found.

Naygolovnіshe File - the area of ​​the ovnіshnyoї memory is named. The name of the file is composed of two parts separated by a dot: according to the name of the file, that extension. Catalog - the collection of files and subcatalogues (catalogue folders) is named. The directory of the highest peer is called the root directory. The file structure of the disk is the collection of files on the disk and the interrelationships between them. File structures are simple and bugatory (archarchic). Path to the file - names of all directories in the root before where the file is located. Sequentially write paths to the file, that file name should be placed outside the file name. Externally, the file is unique.

Asking for the task What is the file? What are the basic rules for naming files in operating system on computers in your class? Name the names of your programs to open files with the following extensions: txt, doc, bmp, rtf, arj. Name the logical names of the known extensions on the computer, to which you can access. What is a catalog? Which directory is called root? How can I organize files in my old memory? How is it called graphic imageієrarchіchї file structure? What is the path to the file on the disk? What is outside of the file? Override the main operations that work with files. File Pushkin. doc is stored on a hard disk near the POETRY directory, which is a subdirectory of the LITERATURE directory. Fragments of the full name of the file have been added to the table: Look up the name of the file and encode it with letters (write the sequence of letters without spaces). Sashko worked with the catalog: D: \LESSONS\INFORMATICS\PRACTICAL WORK. We climbed up two levels, then went down to the Algebra subdirectory and created the Qur file for him. txt. Yakim є povne im'ya file, which created Sasha? Koristuvach pratsyuvav with catalogue: D:\DOCUMENTS\PHOTO\2011\SPRING. Climbing up three levels uphill, then descending to the EKZAMEN catalog and then descending to the INFORMATICS catalog. Indicate a new path for the catalog, in which the koristuvach leaned. 1) D: \ DOCUMENTS \ PHOTO \ ІNFORMATICS 2) D: \ DOCUMENTS \ ІNFORMATICS \ ІSPIT 3) D: \ DOCUMENTS \ EXAMINATION \ ІNFORMATICS 4) D: \ DOCUMENTS \ PHOTO \ 2011 \ SPRING mark with a tick) tі, yakі satisfy the masses ? l*ck. *t? click. txt black. ppt lock. sts clock. tt blink. uta applock. stu blocker. htm elpack. ty blocker. html. From the list of names, select (mark with a tick) those, if you are NOT satisfied with the masses? l*ck*. *? :_click. txt black. ppt lo 3 ck. sts clock. tt blink. uta applock. stu blocker. htm elpack. ty blocker. html. Tell me, how are the masses satisfied by pointing the file names below? ese*ie. ? t* 1. seseie. ttx 2.esenie. ttx 3.eseie. xt 4. sesenie. txt A B C D E F LITERATURE H: Pushkin \. doc POSITION

Supporting abstract File - this is the name of the area of ​​​​external memory. Skin attached to the external memory that is connected to the computer, may be logical name (A: B: C: D: E: F: …) im'ya. extension Simple Hierarchical Disk file structure File type Apply extension System file drv, sys Text file txt, rtf, docx, odt Graphic file bmp, gif, jpg, tif, png, pds Sound file wav, mp 3, midi, kar, ogg Video file avi, mpeg Archive zip, rar Spreadsheet xls, ods

On one computer, there may be a small disk drive - an attachment to a robot with disks. The skin drive is given a single-letter name (after which a two-folder is put), for example A:, B:, C:. often on personal computers high-capacity disk, when the system unit is installed (yogo is called hard drive), divide into divisions. The skin of such divisions is called a logical disk, and it hopes to be named C:, D:, E: and so on. You can also use the names of disks, which are less logical, leather from which you can borrow a real (physical) disk. Otzhe, A:, U:, Z:, D: - all names of logical disks.

The name of the logical disk, which is to delete the file, is the first "coordinate", which determines the location of the file.

3. File structure of the disk

The entire collection of files on the disk and the interplay between them is called a file structure. Different operating systems can support different organization of file structures. Use two different file structures: simple, or single-line, and ierararchy - rich.

Single-level file structure - just a sequence of files. To search for a file on the disk, it is enough to specify only the name of the file. For example, if the file tetris.exe is located on the A: drive, then the "repeat address" looks like this: A: \ tetris.exe

p align="justify"> Operating systems with a single-level file structure are built on the simplest primary computers equipped only with floppy disks.

Bagatory file structure is a tree-like (archarchical) way of organizing files on a disk. To facilitate the understanding of this nutrition, we quickly analogize with the traditional "paper" way of collecting information. In such an analogy, the file is presented as if I would name a document (text, little ones) on paper arches. The next element of the file structure is called a directory. Following the "paper" analogy, the catalog is represented as a folder, in which you can put anonymous documents, such as files. The catalog is also taken in the name of the owner (please note that it is written on the back of the folder).

The catalog itself can enter the warehouse of another, older catalogue. This is similar to the fact that the folder is included in another folder of a larger size. In this way, a leather directory can be placed in its own anonymous files and subdirectories (they are called subdirectories). The directory of the highest peer, which is not included in any other directory, is called the root directory.

In the operating room Windows systems to understand the concept of "catalog" the term "folder" is used.

A graphical representation of a hierarchical file structure is called a tree.

On fig. 2.1 directory names are written in capital letters, and files - in small letters. Here the root directory has two folders: IVANOV and PETROV and one file fin.com. The IVANOV folder contains two subfolders of the PROGS and DATA folders. The DATA folder is empty; folder PROGS has three files and so on. On the tree, the root directory sounds like a symbol.

Mal. 3.1. An example of a hierarchy file structure

Keywords:

• logically im'ya I'll add a good memory
• file naming rules
• catalog
• root directory
• file structure
• path to the file
• outside im'ya file

2.4.1. Logical names of annexes in the old memory

Up to the skin computer can be connected a sprig of outbuildings in the external memory. The main outbuilding of the old memory PC hard drive. If a hard disk can achieve great capacity, it can make a sprinkling of logical divisions.

The presence of a large number of logical divisions on one hard disk ensures the following shortcomings:

• you can save the operating system in one logical division, and the data in another, which allows you to re-install the operating system without getting stuck;
• on one single disk of different logical partitions, you can install different operating systems;
• servicing one logical distribution does not deal with other distributions.

The skin is attached to the old memory, which is connected to the computer, and also the skin of the logical partition of the hard drive can be logically named.

In the Windows operating system, the logical names of the attachments in the outer memory are adopted, which are composed of one Latin letter and the double sign:

• for floppy disk drives (floppy disks) - A: and B:;
• for hard disks and logical partitions - З:, Б:, Е:іт. bud.;
• for optical drives - names that follow the alphabet after the name of the remaining hard disk, which is on the computer, or split the hard disk (for example, F:);
• for flash memory, which is connected to the computer, - name, next to the remaining name of the optical drive (for example, G:).

In the operating room Linux systems other rules for disk naming and distribution have been adopted. For example:

• logical divisions, which lie on the first hard disk, possess the names hdal, hda2 then;
• logical divisions that lie on another hard disk, include the names hdbl, hdb2, etc.

2.4.2. File

All programs and data are saved from the old computer memory as files.

The file system is part of the OS, which defines the method of organizing, saving and naming files on the information carrier.

The file is characterized by a set of parameters (name, expansion, creation date, date of last modification) and attributes that are selected by the operating system for processing (archive, system, attachments, read only). The file size is displayed in bytes.

The name of the file, as a rule, consists of two parts, separated by a dot: according to the name of the file, that extension. Vlasne, I give the file a koristuvach. Robiti is recommended to be understood, typing in the name of the file, if you want to correct it, you can set it as a sufficient set of characters. The name extension is set by the program automatically at the time the file was created. The expansion is not obov'azkovym, but the stench is widely vicorous. Expanding allows you to shorten, not open the file, select the type - what kind of information (program, text, little ones, etc.) in a new way. The extension allows the operating system to automatically open the file.

In modern operating systems, a file can contain up to 255 characters, and it is possible to select letters of national alphabets and gaps. The extension of the file name is written after the dot and sound 3-4 characters.

In Windows OS, the name of the file contains a selection of offensive symbols: \, /, :, *, ?, ", |. In Linux, there are symbols, crem /, for example, if you want to win over their traces of protection, so that the deacons from them can mother special sens, and navіt z mirkuvan summіnostі koїtsya z іnshimi OS.

The Linux operating system, on Windows view, separates small and large letters in the file name: for example, FILE.txt, file.txt and FiLe.txt - there are three different files in Linux.

The table has the largest extension of file types and their extension:

Linux OS has the following types of files:

• Starter files - files with programs and data;
• directories - files that store information about directories;
• message - files that can be sent to other files;
• special add-on files - files that are designed to represent physical add-ons of a computer (hard and optical drives, printer, speakers, etc.).

2.4.3. Catalogs

On the skin computer nose of information (hard, optical disc or flash memory) can be saved large number files. For the sake of clarity, search for information files after the songs are combined with the group, as they are called directories or folders.

The catalog also takes its own. Vіn can enter the warehouse of another, ovnіshny stovnogo catalogue. A leather directory can contain multiple files and subdirectories.

The directory of the highest peer is called the root directory.

OS Windows whatever information wearable may root directory, which is created by the operating system without the participation of the root directory. The root directories are indicated by adding to the logical name of the logical extension of the old memory of the “gate slash” sign: A:, Z:, D:, E: etc.

In Linux, directories of hard disks or their logical divisions do not lie up to the top level file system(Not root directories). The stinks are mounted in the mnt directory. Other external memory attachments (gnuchka, optical and flash disks) are "mounted" in the media directory. The mnt and media directories, in their own way, are "mounted" into a single root directory, which is denoted by the "/" sign (forward slash).

2.4.4. Disk file structure

File structures are simple and bugatory (archarchic).

Simple file structures can be searched for disks with a small (up to ten dozen) number of files. In this way, the disk is replaced by a linear sequence of file names (Fig. 2.8). Yogo can be compared with the zmіstom of a child's book, what to avenge, name the confession, what to enter before it, and the numbers of the sides.

Mal. 2.8.
Simple file structure

ІІєєrarchіchіchnі fileііlі structures vykorіvuyutsya for zberіgannya ї ї ії ії ії іїї ії іїї ії іїї іїї іїї іїї іїї іїїїї іїїїїіїі вільівії. Ієєrarchіya - tserozashuvannya parts (elementіv) in a whole order from the highest to the lowest. Pochatkovy (rooted) directory to place files and attachments directories of the first level. Skin from the catalogs of the first level can remove files and folders from the directories of another level (Fig. 2.9). In this way, the change of the disk can be matched with that of our assistant: in another, it was seen that they are divided into paragraphs, like, in their own line, they are divided on the edge of points, etc.

Mal. 2.9.
Hierarchical file structure

Koristuvach, going to the authorities' investigation of files in directories, we will be able to create a system for collecting information for ourselves. For example, you can create various directories for storing text documents, digital photos, melodies, etc.; at the catalog for photographs, combine photographs for rocks, podia, belongings, too. Knowing which directory the file belongs to will speed up your search.

A graphical representation of a hierarchical file structure is called a tree. On Windows, directories on different disks can hold a sprat of about a dozen trees; in Linux, directories are combined into one tree, common for all disks (Fig. 2.10). Tree-like hierarchical structures can be displayed vertically and horizontally.

Mal. 2.10.
Directory tree in Linux OS

2.4.5. Outside the name of the file

to turn around to required file, which is saved on the current disk, you can specify the path to the file - the names of all directories in the root directory before where the file is located.

For Windows OS, the path to the file starts with a logical name; I will add an external memory; after the name of the skin subdirectory, a backslash is put. In the Linux operating system, the path to the file starts with the name of a single root directory; after the name of the skin directory, a forward slash is put.

Sequentially write paths to the file, that file name should be placed outside the file name. You cannot have two files, they may have the same names.

Example of a new filename in Windows:

E:\image\photo\Katun.jpeg

An example of a full filename in Linux:

/home/method/text

Head 1. Koristuvach pratsyuvav z catalog C: Fizika Zavdannya Kinematica. Climbing back one row uphill, then again climbing one row uphill and then descending into the Ispit directory, which contains the Informatics.dos file. Which way to which file?

Solution.

Koristuvach pratsyuvav z catalog C: Fizika Zavdannya Kinematics. Climbing one row uphill, the coristuvach leaned down in catalosis. From: Fizika Zavdannya. Climbing up another row uphill, the coristuvach leaned back in catalosis C: Physics. After that koristuvach descended to the Іspit directory, where the file is located. The last path to the file can be seen: Z: Fizika Іspit

Manager 2. The teacher worked at the catalog D: \ Lessons \ 8th grade \ Practical work. Let's move from the catalog tree to a higher level by going down to the Presentation subdirectory and viewing the Introduction.ppt file. Yakim є povne іm'ya file, which one has seen the reader? Solution.

Vchitel pratsyuvav іz catalog D:\Lessons\8 class\Practical work. Climbing up one rіven uphill, leaning back in catalosis D: \ Lessons \ 8th grade. After whom the reader descended into the Presentation catalog, the way to the files of whatever he could see: D: Lessons of the 8th grade Presentations. I have removed the file Introductory.ppt for this directory, and the name of the D:\Lessons\8 class\Presentations\Introduction.ppt

2.4.6. Working with files

Files are created for the help of programming systems and application software.

In the process of working on a computer, the following operations are most often performed on files:

• copy (make a copy of the file in a different directory or a different port);
• moving (move the file to a different directory or to a different one, the original file is deleted);
• rename (change the name of the file according to the name of the file);
• vydalennya (at the end of the catalog the object is missing).

When you search for a file, the name of which seems to be wrong, manually change the mask of the file name. The mask is a sequence of letters, digits and other symbols allowed in file names, among which such symbols can also be used: "?" (Nutritional sign) - means exactly one additional character; "*" (zіrochka) - means be-yak (among those empty) a sequence of symbols of a long life. For example, behind the mask n*.txt, all files with extensions txt will be found, the names of which begin with the letter “p”, including the file n.txt. Files with sufficient extensions and double-term names that start with the letter "n" will be found by masc_n?.*.

Naygolovnishe

The main extension of the external memory of the computer is a hard drive. If a hard disk can achieve great capacity, it can make a sprinkling of logical divisions. The skin extension of the old memory, which is connected to the computer, as well as the skin of the logical partition of the hard drive, may be logical names.

File - the area of ​​the outer memory is named. The name of the file, as a rule, consists of two parts, separated by a dot: according to the name of the file, that extension.

Catalog - the collection of files and subcatalogues (catalogue folders) is named. The directory of the highest peer is called the root directory.

The file structure of the disk is the collection of files on the disk and the interrelationships between them. File structures are simple and bugatory (archarchic).

Path to the file - names of all directories in the root before where the file is located. Sequentially write paths to the file, that file name should be placed outside the file name. Externally, the file is unique.

Inquiry and task