Kirovsky Department of Education

sovereign sanctuary

cob professional education

vocational school №23

DIPLOMA OF THE ROBOT

TOPIC: technical service and repair cable lines

Vikonav: uchniv group No. 35

Bobkov Yuriy Oleksandrovich

Revision: Vikladach Sobolov V.A.

Entry.

Power cables.

1 Vlashtuvannya power cables.

2 Cable blocks, walkways, galleries, collectors, trenches.

3 Vibrating and storing cables.

Viznachennya місць шкодзення at cable hemlines

1 See the nature of the cable lines

2 The structure of the system

3 Characteristics of high-frequency methods ZMZ

4 Characteristics of low-frequency methods ZMZ

Repair of cable lines.

1 Headquarters for repairs.

2 Repair of fixed curves.

3 Repair of metal shells.

4 Renovation of paper insulation.

5 Repair of strum-wire conductors.

6 Repair of the back couplings.

7 Repair of end couplings of the final unit.

8 Repair of k_ntsevic pawns.

9 Repair of cable lines 0.38 ... 10 kV.

Service cable line.

List of vikoristanoi literature.

Dodatok.

Entry

Yak vidomo, the basis of reliable electrical power supply with electrical power is a trouble-free robot for cable lines. Without interruption in the power supply for living in small networks and industrial enterprises, to lay down in the development stage of new, progressive technological solutions and in the development of all kinds of cable fittings, in the field of cable fittings.

Unimportant to the growth of the quality of the insulation of cable lines, it is not possible to win the power. Moreover, the pitoma is the number of poets - to complete the style characteristic of the singing class of electric fencing.

The design of the production process (OMP) is the most efficient, and most often the most efficient technological operation with the renewal of the single element of the mesh. Tse operatively zavdannya dispatching services of electric fencing.

Vitrati koshtіv at ZMU become a hundred part of the exploited vitrates at electrorezines. The fraction of capital vitrates on the annex for the ZMU near the capital vitrates is remarkably small. In the provision of progressive methods and the use of ZMZ, there is a significant economic effect. We will be able to store up from the quick detection of weak missions near the cable lines by way of carrying out preventive high-voltage viprobuvan, quick interruption of the power supply, changing the repair work and the reduction of the vitrate for the earth. Sukupn_st operations from a joke, as well as the renewal of the original cable line, we use it as one system is interconnected.

1. Power cables

1 Vlashtuvannya power cables

Power cables are used for the transmission of electrical energy for the maintenance of electrical installations. It smells like one or a few isolated veins, laid near a metal or non-metal sheath, on top of what is laid down and exploited, maybe a hard cover, and in the necessary cases - armor.

Power cables are stored from conductors, insulation, sheaths and curves. In addition to the main elements, the design of the power cables can include screens, they lived zero, they lived in the grounding and grounding (Fig. 1.1).

The strum-conductors lived, they were used for the passage of the electric strum, and they were the main ones and they were zero. The main ones lived stagnated until the main function of the cable - the transmission of electricity. Nulls lived, intended for overriding the difference in phases (poles) in case of an uneven supply, to come to a neutral jerel strum.

They lived in the grounding system with additional and designations for the installation of metal parts of the electrical installation, not to be found under the work force, until the cable was connected to the grounding circuit.

Isolation serve for securing the necessary electrical power of the conductors of the cable through one to one connection to the grounded sheath (earth).

Screens are used to secure the out-of-the-box lanes from the electromagnet fields of the strings, which are run through with a cable, and to secure the symmetry of the electric field near the cable.

Zapovnyuvachi designations for usuneniya vilnyh promіzhkіv mіzh constructive elements of the cable with the method of sealing, providing the necessary form and mechanical strength of the design of the cable.

Small. 1.1. Re-routing of power cables: a - two-core cables with round and segmented conductors; b - three-core cables with waist insulation and with outer sheaths; c - chotirizhilny cables with a zero vein sector, round and tricot shape; 1 - string conductor; 2 - zero core; 3 - isolation lived; 4 - the screen for the conduit vein; 5 - explanatory insolation; 6 - zapovnyuvach; 7 - the screen on the insolation lived; 8 - shell; 9 - bronepokriv; 10 - zovnishny zhisny pokriv

The shells seize the internal elements of the cable from the disturbance and the last time.

Determine the designation for securing the sheathing of the cable from the beginning. There is a cushion in the design of the cable to enter the cushion, armored cover and callous curl.

The letters of the index are given to the design of the cables.

Power cables with paper insulation, leaked out or out of order, are designated for operation in stationary installations and earth at temperatures in the middle of the earth from plus 50 to minus 50 ° C and plus 35% at temperatures up to 35% up to 35%. A stench is produced for a nominal voltage of 1, 6 and 10 kV of a variable strum with a frequency of 50 Hz;

Small. 1.2. Power cables: a - with paperwork; ta b - humic isolation; 1 - callous curve; 2 - armor tape; 3 - cable yarn; 4 - cable papir; 5 - shell; 6 - explanatory insolation; 7 - zapovnyuvach; 8 - isolation lived; 9 - string conductor

Power cables with paper insulation, leaked by an inconsistent warehouse, designed for laying on vertical and stolen paths without interconnecting growth and exploitation at temperatures in the mid-range from + 50 ° C to min. It is available for a 6 and 10 kV change in a strum with a frequency of 50 Hz;

Power cables with plastic insulation, for plastic ones, either with aluminum covers and without them, are intended for the transmission of the power supply in stationary installations to a nominal value of 0.66; one; 3 and 6 kV with a frequency of 50 Hz.

The cables can be exploited for the temperature of the mid-range from minus 50 to plus 50 ° С, and the average power consumption of 98% at temperatures plus 35 ° С, in addition, when laid on the occasional occasional sleep.

1.2 Cable blocks, walkways, galleries, collectors, trenches

The main way of channelization of electrical energy at industrial enterprises is cable lines. On the great enterprises, the number of cable lines can be 25,000 for a home run up to 2,500 km. For the distribution of such a number of cables, the necessary attachments of special cable equipment. Most of the time and cheap equipment is an earthen trench, even if the number of costs is close to 40%, then it will be more difficult to get more used for laying in special sporums.

At enterprises, it is rarely possible to transfer the transfer to one way of laying and, more often than not, to replace the laying. Yak make a vikorystyatsya:

Earthen trench. The depth of the trench is from the planuval mark for cables up to 10 kV, but 0.8 m, when crossing the streets, the area is 1.1 m.

Figure 1.1. Laying the cable in the trench

Naymenha trench depth (up to 0.6 m) is allowed when cables are inserted at the stand, with the equipment, as well as at work, in the middle of the ground, for the reason for the wiring of the cables from mechanical items on dilyankas up to 5 m. The width of the trench, when laid in power cables up to 10 kV, is not less, it is indicated in the table. 1.2 and in fig. 1.2. Lay the cables on the board, and from the top burn with a ball of earthy earth,
do not take revenge on the awakening smittya and slag. Tracks are marketed with raznavalny signs, which are fastened on the walls of the last days coarse steel(Piketi). Signs are distributed on the kut and on the turns of the track, in the places where the double couplings are installed, on the overhangs of the paths (from both sides), when they are inserted at the wake-up. On signs with a size of 100 x 100 mm, insert a sign of a spill (a red head), a sign of a cable route, appear from a line (in numbers) and straight to it (arrows), a sign number (black headlight). Biliy icon "pidpis".

Figure 1.2. Trench size for laying cables 1 ... 10 kV: B1 - size on the bottom of the trench; B2 - size of the surface of the earth; В3 - introduction zone

Signs of educational signs:

Figure 1.3. Cable signs: a - trench; b - cable sleeve; в - turn the trench towards the bottom

Rosemіri channels:

Width - 600 ... 1200 mm, height - 300 ... 900 mm.

There is a whole way of laying down good land for the sake of mechanical devices, even if it is possible to spill metal or aggressive speech, the installation of cable channels is not allowed (Fig. 1.5).

Cable tunnel - a chain of underground sporuds (corridor) with supporting structures that are installed in them for spaced out cables and couplings on them, allowing you to lay, repair and look through a free passage along the entire length of the road (Fig. 1.6)

CT is used to equip it from a separate s / b and to cover the hydroinsulation. Zagliblenya - 0.5m.

Pass through the cable tunnels, make sure to move at least 1 m, it is allowed to change the passages up to 800 mm on dilenks not more than 500 mm.

Small. 1.4. Zbіrnі zalіzobetonnі channels: а - tray type LK; b - іf slabs of the SK type; 1 - tray; 2 - re-grill plate; 3 - food preparation; 4 - plate; 5 - base.

Figure 1.5. Options for laying cables at cable channels: a - rosetting cables in one station on the sidewalks; b - those same in the police; c - those same on both walls on pidvis; d - those on one station on the road, on the other on the police; d - those same on both walls on the police; e - those on the bottom of the channel

Pidloga for the tunnel is guilty of the buti of the viconana with a yield of not less than 1% at the bik vodozbirnikiv or the evil canalization. For the width of the drainage annex through the skin 25 m, there is a drainage of water wells with a size of 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.3 m, which is curved with metal krats. If it is necessary to move from one sign to the other, there will be a ramp with a height of no more than 15 °.

At the tunnels, the transfer is guilty of the transfer of the ingress of ground and technological waters and of the safety of the introduction of ground and malignant waters.

The tunnels may be secured in front of natural ventilation. The vibration of the ventilation system and the opening of the ventilation annexes can be seen at the thermal imaging equipment, which is significant at the alarm stations. The temperature difference between the witnesses, when you come up and see in the tunnels, is not guilty of overvisching 10 ºС.

The ventilation annexes are automatically turned on, and the power supply will be secured by shutters with remote or manual keruvans to allow access to the tunnel in case of emergency.

The tunnels may have stationary transmissions for remote and automatic fire-fighting.

At the tunnels guilty but installed sensors, which react to the appearance of a dim and an increase in the temperature of the midst of the midst of 50 ° C. Collections and tunnels are due to the possession of electrical illumination and the livelihood of portable lamps and tools.

Long cable tunnels are connected by fire-resistant partitions to outside walls no more than 150 m with doors in them no less than 0.8 m wide. The doors to the guilt are opened with a key from two sides. The called doors are guilty of being secured with a lock, which can be self-closing, we use the key to open the door. Doors in the middle of the street are guilty at the side of the exit and the outbuildings are secured, so you can close the position. Doors can be accessed from both sides without a key.

The laying of cables at the collectors and tunnels is secured with the possibility of additional laying of cables at a minimum of 15%.

Power cables up to 1 kV should be laid under the cables with other 1 kV and separated by a horizontal partition. It is recommended to lay out the groups of cables, and the working ones themselves with another 1 kV power supply, are recommended to be laid on the other policemen with a basement with horizontal inlet-curved partitions. Yak partitions are recommended for cement slabs, pressed without barriers with a thickness of not less than 8 mm. Laying of armored cables in all overruns and non-armored conductors of 25 mm2 and more closely behind structures (shelves), and non-armored cables with 16 mm2 overhangs and less - on trays, laid on cable constructions.

Cables, laid in tunnels, are due to being tightly fastened in end points, from both sides of zgin and full couplings.

Schob will unite the installation of additional double-acting couplings, after vibrating the wake-up call of the cables.

A leather sleeve on the power cables must be placed on the edge of the police with support structures and placed in an anti-fire casing, which is to blame for the indication from the upper and lower cables along all the widths of the police with fixed partitions. At the skin tunnel and canal, it is necessary to transfer a number of police officers for the installation of the complete couplings.

For the passage of cables through the partitions, the walls and the crossings are guilty but the branch pipes are installed from the concave pipes.

When passing the cables near the pipes, the gaps in them are to blame for but also damage with material, but it does not burn. The material of the stored up is guilty of failing to prevent the repair and it is easy to get rid of it at the time of the laying of additional cables or of the partial change.

Non-armored cables from a plastic sheath are allowed to be fastened with brackets (clamps) without gaskets.

The metal armor of cables, which is laid in tunnels, is to blame for the anti-corrosion protection. Police will provide cable structures when power cables are laid up to 10 kV, but not less than 200 mm. Become a policeman when a firewall is installed when the cables are laid, but not less than 200 mm, and when a full sleeve is installed 250 or 300 mm, it goes to the size of the sleeve (Fig. 1.7).

Figure 1.6. Roztashuvannya cables at the tunnels: a - rectangular tunnel overrun; b - tunnel round break; 1 - block to the tunnel; 2 - stiyka; 3 - police officer; 4 - svitnik; 5 - zone of fire-fighting and pipelines of mechanized cutting saw and fire-burning; 6 - power cables; 7 - control cables

The cable collector is a sporud, designed for zagalnaya distribution of cable lines, heat conductors and water pipes.

The collector is equipped with reinforced concrete structures of round and rectangular recess. The collection of the round can be broken up to a depth of more than 5 m in a closed way. The collector of safety ventilation, pumps and runs from the control room. It is necessary to transfer telephone call... Size of the collector: diameter - 3.6 m; width - 2.5 m; height - 3.0 m (Fig. 1.9).

A cable block is a chain of pipes (channels) for laying cables with wells, which must be laid down to a new location.

The cable blocks are equipped with reinforced concrete panels up to 6 m thick with 2-3 channels in the middle of nitrogen-cement or ceramic pipes. The blocks are laid on a cushion from solid concrete and sealed with hydroinsulation. The depth of the bedding is not less than 0.7 m, and with cross-flaps - not less than 1 m. Fill the sticks of the panels with a shank, pushing the jgut from the shreds into the gap in front of the front. Through the skin 150 m there will be a passage or a hole in the wells. The minimum height of the wells is 1.8 m. Laying in blocks is the most efficient, ale mensh economical.

Technical service that repair. For securing uninterrupted robots and cable lines and a network of automation, telemechanics, and a call at signaling distances, a call is organized by teams of cable workers and cable shops. Code of practice for the cable shop technical camp cable lines and framing, repairing cable, finishing and industrial annexes, underground wells and cable ducting channels, preparing the cable government to pay a fee, and also learning how to use cables.

Planned and control electric vimiri all kinds of cable at a distance, there are great cable fences, there are workers in the RTU group.

Established the first order of technical service and capital repairs.

When in-line servicing of cable lines, they rewrite the line of the cable, cable equipment, cable fittings (shf, box_v, plint_v, drop couplings too) and detect defects. It’s easy for the team, the cable wasn’t laid on the cable route, there weren’t any robots that weren’t far away from the earth, they’re learning to use it, they didn’t go in and out of the cable because of corrosion, etc. capital repairs cable lines.

Capital repairs are good for back in stock projects and costumes. Prior to the costoris, they include the re-laying and replacement of the cables with the lower support for the insulation of the conductors, as they do not need to be renewed. Robots for capital repairs plan to work on a regular basis and work with special teams of labor-intensive robots.

At a distance, when telephone channels are connected, during capital repairs, old cable wells are installed, new channels are installed, and the channels are additionally laid from asbestos-cement pipes.

The plan for the overhaul of the transmission of the cable trench on the outskirts, connected to the cable in a vise. Carry out robots from recovering from electrical and root corrosion with drainage included, to replace the installed equipment, repair or replace incomparable boxes, replace atypical hatches on types, to live in for water connections.

After the end of the work, the repair of the cable line was received by the special committee.

Small. 96. Installation diagram for USKD-1 type

the cable is penetrated through the penetration into the new vologue when the sheath is damaged due to corrosion, the rules for laying, the improper soldering of cable sleeves and mechanical problems caused by the robots on the surface of the cable. To remove the cable from the penetration into the new vologue when the integrity of the sheath of the cable line is damaged, it must be replaced with a permanent oversized grip, so that you can control the tightness of the sheath and start the process of cracking. Besides, with insignificant changes in the shell due to gas, it is possible to go around the city, because it is penetrated in the middle of the cable.

When tightening the cable under a permanent oversized grip, the cable line is directed to the sealed boxes, which are called gas sections. For cables with high-frequency channels, the connection is made in sections, as a rule, there are additional connections for high-frequency lanes. At the end of the gas section, as well as on all galleries from the main cable, install gas-tight muffs. In the middle of the gas sections, the oversized gas grip is established.

Use two systems to tighten the cables under an oversized grip: with automatic and periodic gas supply of cables. On the cable lines of a multi-channel connection of the Ministry of Railways of the most extended system, a system with automatic connections has been installed. The automatic control and dehumidification units AKOU are installed in the gas section systems, and the rest of the hour - USKD units. Yak gas vikoristovuyut dry dry.

Installation of the USKD-1 type (Fig. 96) will provide automatic supply of dry power to the cable, control of vitrate gas, signaling of leakage and pressure reduction in the gas cylinder. From the cylinder 1 to a high vise (10, 15 or 20 MPa) (either from the compressor) through the drying chamber of the high vise, gas 2 is supplied to the reducer 4 with a revolving valve (a revolving valve is necessary for connecting a cylinder from the installation when the pressure is reduced to 2 MPa), reducer of a low vise 5, at the output a stable vise of 50+ 2 kPa is established, it is automatically adjusted if the gas is not more than 3 m / min. Allow gas to pass through the drainage chamber of the low vise 12, pneumatic signaling device 6 and rotameter unit 7. At the rotameter units, passing through the volumetric indicator 10, gas flows near the rotameter 9 to control the vitrate gas with a skin cable and through the fitting 8 - in the cable. Bezpeka robots and installations will be provided with zapobіzhny valves. Signalization for the tightness control of the cable is connected to the auxiliary pneumatic signalizer 6, and the signalization of the pressure reduction in the cylinder - by the electrical contact pressure gauge 3. The pressure gauge 11 controls the gas pressure, which is supplied to the cable.

Equipment of the USK.D-1 type for transferring the connection of the control check attachment to the VKP-1 type for the purpose of identifying the area of ​​leaks in the sheath for the vitrate gas cable.

Accurately, the value of the mice of the lining of the shell is set up behind the additional indicator gases. For the whole in the clutch, I will close the valve to the middle of the plug, and lower the oversized grip (by 20-30 minutes, open the valve). With a cable stretching 5-10 xv, inject freon with a vice of 50-60 kPa. To secure the gas to the gas, the cable is pumped dry with a grip of 50-60 kPa. After 12-15 years, after the introduction of freon, they fix the track, for whom, in front, after 1.5-2 m above the cable, rip a hole with a diameter of 2 cm and a glybin of 25-30 cm. fortunately at the pits. The maximum concentration of gas is above the middle of the cable.

Naybіlsh characteristic cable, which is in operation, step or decrease the support of the insulation between the conductors of the cable and between the veins and the earth (metal sheath). The reason for the trick is the penetration of the cable by the vologians, because it is not for the sake of a permanent grip to take revenge. Such ears are also promoted, as having shaved off one part of the cable, and the part of it lived under itself with a lead sheath.

You need to know exactly what you need to know. As the cable is held under an overwhelming grip, with a system with automatic gas supply, enough nobles have a number of doses of gas supplied to the cable when the sheath is shielded. Price for the additional automatic dispensers of AKOU or USKD installations, which are spaced at the stations, to interconnect the cable with a cable. As long as the cable does not fit under an oversized gas grip, the cable must be installed with electric cables, or for an additional indicator gas. We will thoroughly understand the method of detecting the message for additional freon, if it is exactly the route to the cable in the area of ​​supply.

For the transmission of the route to the cable, the most efficient way is the cable-shukach, which can be stored from a tone frequency generator, which can be used in an impulse mode and in a mode without interruptions. One plug of the generator is connected to the cable to the cores, which is grounded on the protruding end, and the other plug is connected to the ground. From the generator, the cable runs through the wires, the route is whispering, and on the ground, turn back to the generator. When the strum is alive near the edge, there is a changing magnetic field, which changes at a frequency of close to 1000 Hz.

Cable route indicator є shukach cat (ferite antenna), connected to the input transistor drive the tone frequency, the headphone is connected to the outputs. The ferrite antenna is fixed to the sector, which is hingedly attached to the arm of the shukach (stock) at its side. By turning the sector, the ferite antenna can be turned at the vertical horizontal position, as well as fiksuvati її pіd kutami 30, 45 and 60 °.

The cable should be routed in front of the cable according to the maximum signal density in the telephone, if the antenna is perpendicular to the cable axis, and to be specified according to the minimum signal density, if the antenna is parallel to the cable axis.

When the route is assigned to the cable on straight lines, it will be indicated in 5-10 m, on curved lines through short spans. Then on the road through the skin 1.5-2 m at the root of the hole, open the hole with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm and a hole of 30 cm, and start the cable sheath leaks after the additional freon. For a very close transfer of the shell, open the chavun clutch, and insert the valve into the lead clutch, inject about 400 to 800 g of freon through a vise close to 60 10 3 Pa. Introduce freon behind an additional user installation for the introduction of an indicator gas (PUVIG), which is stored from a cylinder with freon, a drying chamber with a viscosity indicator and two pressure gauges. Once again, pump up from the end of the cable, which will speed up the extended freon. Freon is expanded along the cable and through the middle of the ear of the shell to the ground from 12-15 years to one end of the fallow ground.

It’s just an hour to start a little shit. For a whole lot of vikoristovuyut battery halogen techeshukach, it is stored in a vimiruvalny block, a vitrification block and a wine probe. Changing the cable route, insert the probe by inserting it into the preparation earlier than the hole. At the time of the sheathing of the cable in the pits, there is freon and halogenated leakage to signal the process. Having identified the cable jackets with the cable, they will fix it.

When the cable is suspected of having ears (shaved he lived or hesitated to live with himself), the place of earning the cable is to start with the help of electric cables.

Operation of cable lines and festoon at winter minds. For trouble-free robots of cable lines and a fence, the winter minds have to carry out low preventive calls and preparatory robots before the cold weather. At the first time, they look at the cable lines, fences and cable inserts, the weakest problems appear and the defects appear. To rewire the standard cable, conduct electrical cable lanterns. Retally look around the end of the cable attachments (endless muffs, boxes, cable boxes too). Revise, cleanly detecting the doors and cracks in the cable boxes, the marks for the obviousness of the cracks that can be penetrated by the snig; look around the cable supports, support and drawstring.

Before the coolers are set, rewrite the cable channels. I especially respect the animals who do not drive near the canals and the wells of the canals, and when they are frozen, they can tightly grip the cable, the laying near the canals, that shit. I will look around the wells of the upper holes of the hatches, smear them, so that they will not be able to get into the well of water and the brood before the hour of the main boards.

Before additional robots from the flow service of cable lines and the amount of money to be collected: cleaning from the bottom of the hatches of the cable wells, rosette shafts and the best cable fittings installed on the given case; more retaliation for them, for the cable masters, as the stolen of the mufti, did not appear because of the strong temperature of the day; chipping ice on sub-water cables, even if there is a significant decrease in the level of water, and the cable is frozen near the ice bilya shores.

On the cable and winding lines, where the inserts of the underwater cable are inserted, look around the station of the inserts and start, which is not safe for the underwater cable with an ice drift. At the ice hydrometeorological stations, the hour before the ice drift is transferred to the amount of the flood. Zmіtsnyuyut cable supports, which can lean at the filling zone. Before the ice drift, in quiet places, a sub-water cable was laid, and it was not safe for the first time, it was necessary to install a permanent assembly of workers and special teams that had an emergency supply of materials. Come on in for a visit to get it out of the box.

By stretching the exploitation term on cable lines, you can get a useful service for any needs. cable repair.

As a matter of fact, it is up to the "Instructions for the operation of power cable lines." H 1. Cable lines up to 35 kV "The leather cable line is responsible for the ongoing repairs.

In-line repair Can be emergency, term and planned.

Avaryinim repair is such a repair, if after connecting the cable lines, all the categories were lost without stress and there is no way to pay for cables of a high or low stress, in addition to the number of redundant cables, there are no more Possibilities of the forgiveness of vantage, and the need for intercourse of the survivors.

Terminovim repair is such a repair, if the first category is taken into account, or it is especially important for another category, an automatic backup life is allowed, and for those categories that have been installed on cable lines, they have been redundant. Prior to the term repair of cable lines, repair teams will be ordered for the order of the maintenance of the energy service by extending a work cycle.

Planoviy repair - the whole repair of cable lines, as they are not significant, which is to follow the graph-plan, approved by the official energy service. The schedule of repairs of cable lines is stored every day on the basis of entries in the logs of rounds and rounds, the results of vip testing and vimiruvan, as well as for the data of dispatch services.

Overhaul The cable lines should be carried out according to the plan, so that they will be broken up scrupulously in the summer period for an offensive fate on the basis of the given exploitation. When overhauling the cable line, check I will partly replace the cables for cable framing, the framing of cable constructions, the replacement of the additional funnels, the cable glands, the replacement of the design signs, the installation of the additional mechanical cable gripper in the driver

When the plan for capital repairs is folded, it is necessary to supply new, modern types of cables and cable fittings. It is planned to repair the cable equipment and all robots, connected due to the lighting, ventilation, annexes from the water supply, anti-fire conditions. There is also the need to replace the cables on the outskirts of the cable throughput capacity line, for it’s quiet, it’s not happy with the thermal stiffness in the minds of the robot and the hedgehog, which changed when the struma of a short flicker was getting worse.

Repair of cable lines, which is in operation, can be checked without the help of the operating personnel themselves, or by the personnel of special electrical installation organizations. It takes an hour to repair cable lines, to operate, to prepare robots, to prepare a workmanship, to prepare for installation.

Repair of cable lines simple, as they work great works in an hour, folding, if the repair is trivial kіlka dnіv

Folding repairs are carried out by one or more decilcom teams, and for the consumption of food, from the collection of land-based machinery and other machinery. Folding repairs are subject to either the efforts of the energy service of the enterprise (mischiefs), or from the specialists of special organizations for the installation and repair of cable lines

The installation cable muff to pass through if the cable is broken. The clutch is designed for connecting different types of cable. The installation of the muff is used for the repair work on the complete cable lines for the safety of the high-quality and technical installation of the new cables, the time in the net, the transfer of the cable line.

The installation of the sleeve on the cable is guilty of being carried out carefully with the help of technical means. As the installation of the muft is unprofessional, without a touch of singing technology, as well as in case of the wrong choice, it can be overridden or inadvertent, there can be a win. Necessarily because of the fact that the mufts are victorious - from the bottom, the transition from the cable muffs to the kintsev, the stinks are guilty but they are not.

Effort to repair robots (installation of cable sleeves, replacement of the cable and others) are guilty of being able to check with professional workers, who may have access before additional work is carried out and proper information is provided.

Correct organization of robots from service providers, professional repair the power cable, the correct installation of the muffs, the freedom of detecting problematic misses and defects will prevent the trivial operation of the cable lines and the power supply.

2.1 Technical service of cable lines

Look at the cable lines with a strap up to 10 kV.

ü cable routes, laid near the ground, - behind the bridge instructions, but not earlier than once every 3 minutes;

ü Kintsev mufts on lines with a force of 1000 V - once per 6 m / s, on lines 1000 V and below - once per rik;

ü cable sleeves, roztashovani at transformer connections, distribution points and at training stations, look around at once from their possessions;

ü cable wells - dvichi on rik.

Inspection of tunnels, mines and canals at the training stations should be carried out at the instruc- tions. When you look around, you should enter the defects and problems in the possession for a given usuneness before the log. In the period of floods and when it is angry, you can go round and round.

Cable lines with a power supply of 3-10 kV in the process of operation are not earlier than once per day to prophylactic viprobvannya pidviteniya by means of a permanent strum.

For repair work on lines or digging along the roads to carry out post-work vip testing.

Periodicity of testing cable lines laid near the ground and working without electrical breakdowns for five years and more

The triviality of storing a general viprobudal sponge in case of healthy viprobuds is 10 mins, in operation - 5 mins. For other repairs, not connected with rewiring the cable, the insulation is reconverted with a megohmmeter for a voltage of 2500 V.

Cable lines with normal paper insulation in the process of operation may produce stable windings at a load of up to 10 kV - 300 μA. For short cable lines up to 100 m for a 3-10 kV spring without full couplings, allow 2-3 μA per 1 kV of a viprobial loop. The asymmetry of the strum in a loop in phases is to blame for more than 8-10 μA per flow, but the absolute value of the strum does not exceed the permissible value.

2.2 Repair of cable lines

In the process of robotic cable lines (KL), there is a possibility of crimping in cables, back couplings or bending. Ushkojennya conceal the character of electric breakdown.

At line repair KL check the following robots: look at the cleaning of cable ducts, tunnels, traces of open cables, end funnels, complete couplings, straightening of cables, renewal of plugged-in markup, temperature control of cable heating;

reversal of grounded and usunenny of emerging defects; reversing access to cable wells and information about wells and locking them;

re-routing of cable fences, wiping with a pushed tension (for cables with a different voltage of 1 kV, or reversing the insulation with a megohmmeter for cables lower than 1 kV), adding cable mastic to the cable ducts, repair.

In case of capital repairs KL, check:

Often I will replace (if necessary) cables for cable mesh, wire cable constructions, rewire additional cable funnels, cable couplings, replace openable junctions.

Repair of cables laid near trenches. If it is necessary to replace the cable line or part, open the correct coverage with electric concrete C-850 or electric hammer C-849, motorized concreteol C-329, pneumatic concrete C-358.

The material should be dropped onto one trench at least 500 mm towards the edge, and the ground at the bottom - at least 500 mm towards the edge. The trench is straight, and at turns - widened to ensure the laying of cables from the necessary radius of rounded.

Trenches, beyond the depths of the ground waters and underground sporud, a trench without fastening vertical walls to the depth, indicated below (m):

At pischanikh ґruntakh1;

In sandy loam 1.25;

In loams, clays 1.5;

In especially strong ground 2.

The trenches at the places of the people and the transport are fenced off and for them to be set in front of the writing, and at the end of the hour there is a signal illumination. Become a fenced in and out of the closest laths of a normal number of normal numbers, but not less than 2.5 m, and a higher number - not less than 2 m.

Before laying new cables near the trench, check the following robots: close the pipes in the trench at the crossroads and close the track with roads, underground communes and sporums; I see water from the trench, stones and other objects and the bottom; to rip up the height of 100 mm on the bottom of the trench with dry earth and prepare the bridging of the route to the ground for sticking to the cable when laid; Prepare for the use of cable tracks or concrete slabs for cable removal, if such recovery is necessary. Materials that are strong until they are rotten and laid in the ground (wood, silikatna tsegla too), it is not possible to store them for the seizure of cables.

At the time of converting and reconnecting with engineering spores, concrete, galvanized concrete, ceramic, chavunnichi plastic pipes are stagnated. Steel pipes and zasosovuyut leash for vikonannya aisle of the track by puncturing a pound.

The depth of laying cables up to 10 kV from the planar mark is 0.7 m. In case of emergence of cables (dents, punctures on loops, troughs in the "kappa" just), the cable can be laid without the need for transmissions, changes in isolation on the basis of the new cabins When repairing robots, it is most often necessary to check the winch for the extra cable from the drum.

We allow a heavy load for cables with a wire up to 10 kV in the table. When the cable is opened up to 10 kV, there are two additional monitors to control the additional dynamometer, which are located at the drum and run behind the cable.

2.3 Basic Cable Lines

Until the obvious shortfalls in the installation, pardons are given for twisted pairs at ATC crosses, on sticks for weekends, at rose-colored shafs and boxes, in other terminals, etc. vimiryuvalnyh prilad for the indication of the type of injustice.

According to the accepted terminology, two bets, in which the correct order of connection of the veins is damaged, are called split. Signs of split pairs can be an increase in resistive and minor imbalance.

Incorrectly mounted twisted pair, de straight і zolotny darts, rearranged by mіstsy, are called inverted, or baptized (reversal). In such a case, the tip (T) leads to the minus of the station battery, and the ring (R) leads to the plus. The important part of the terminal control (including all telephones) is the failure of the polarity of the station battery. Ale in the cable lines of the SCS, the order of connection lived a twisted bet, both earlier and more important.

Zreshtoyu, dvі Viti bet From pardonable connections to the terminal, they are called transposition. On the telephone, such a shortage of editing is done before the wrong number is connected. If the SCS is connected to the line of possession, it can be unpredictable.

Until the main faults in the cable lines, the connection is made to the improper installation of couplings and growths of wires on the sticks of alarm bells. At the first one, the tightness of the sheathing of the cable will break down and the winy is not safe from getting wet, and the other is characterized by the appearance of disgusting contacts (partial open) and the winding of the veins of the torsion of bets (open). To produce the same results, corrosion of contacts in cross attachments and inappropriate cross connections.

Defects and breakdowns of insolation of veins, it is not easy for the vologue in the cable and the obstruction of the terms to lead to the moment of confusion, betting between himself. Losing can be short or partial short. Another analogous type of wager torsion defects is the grounding of one or more ground. Moreover, the contact was lived from the earth, it was not necessary to transfer it, but not far from the place of communication, the isolation lived - the electrical path from the provider lived before the earth passed through the screen to the cable, metal elements of the construction of the thermal element to the cable.

Visnovok

The first croc for the design of this robot became the additional and optimization of the normative and technical literature

When written quality robots have become at ngod_ navichki goodbye for an hour passing virobnichoi practice.

Electroenergetics is a provincial sense of socialist industry, which is a significant world for modern scientific and technical progress. Without energy, it is unprofitable for enterprises, for backwaters, for the development of science, and for the people's statehood.

The basis of the laying of electrical wiring is the knowledge of the rules of safety technology, the correct selection of the brand of wires and cables, the knowledge of the last of the viconuvannyh robots.

Qia robot I will also destroy the food organization of the work of the electrician for the repair and maintenance of the electrician. Before the duties of an electrician, there are assembly and repair and service robots. In such a rank, the mice of robots can meet sanitary standards: temperature, illumination.

The vivchenna material has a knowledge of specials. items.

It means that new modern technologies are being introduced at the enterprises of our land, which are aimed at improving the minds of the robotics.

Ale, unaffected by all the innovations, at the same time, I don’t know the dynamics, as the electrician doesn’t have to work for an hour.

Vvazhayu, scho meta in vivchenny material of the Viconan will be raised.

In the process of robotic cable lines (KL), there is a possibility of crimping in cables, back couplings or bending. Ushkojennya conceal the character of electric breakdown.
During in-line repairs of KL, check the following robots: look around and clean the cable channels, tunnels, traces of open cables, end funnels, complete couplings, clean the cables, update the cable channels, check the cable temperature;
reversal of grounded and usunenny of emerging defects; reversing access to cable wells and information about wells and locking them;
re-routing of cable fences, wiping with a pushed tension (for cables with a different voltage of 1 kV, or reversing the insulation with a megohmmeter for cables lower than 1 kV), adding cable mastic to the cable ducts, repair.
In case of capital repairs KL, check:
Often I will replace (if necessary) cables for cable mesh, wire cable constructions, rewire additional cable funnels, cable couplings, replace openable junctions.
Repair of cables laid near trenches. If it is necessary to replace the cable line or part, open the correct coverage with electric concrete C-850 or electric hammer C-849, motorized concreteol C-329, pneumatic concrete C-358.
The material should be dropped onto one trench at least 500 mm towards the edge, and the ground at the bottom - at least 500 mm towards the edge. The trench is straight, and at turns - widened to ensure the laying of cables from the necessary radius of rounded.
Trenches, beyond the depths of the ground waters and underground sporud, a trench without fastening vertical walls to the depth, indicated below (m):
At the pischanikh ґrunts ............................................... ................................................. one
At supiskakh ................................................ .................................................. ...................... 1.25
In loams, clays .............................................. .................................................. 1.5
In especially high-quality ground .............................................. .................................................. .. 2
The trenches at the places of the people and the transport are fenced off and for them to be set in front of the writing, and at the end of the hour there is a signal illumination. Become a fenced in and out of the closest laths of a normal number of normal numbers, but not less than 2.5 m, and a higher number - not less than 2 m.
Before laying new cables near the trench, check the following robots: close the pipes in the trench at the crossroads and close the track with roads, underground communes and sporums; I see water from the trench, stones and other objects and the bottom; to rip up the height of 100 mm on the bottom of the trench with dry earth and prepare the bridging of the route to the ground for sticking to the cable when laid; Prepare for the use of cable tracks or concrete slabs for cable removal, if such recovery is necessary. Materials that are strong until they are rotten and laid in the ground (wood, silikatna tsegla too), it is not possible to store them for the seizure of cables.
At the time of converting and reconnecting with engineering spores, concrete, galvanized concrete, ceramic, chavunnichi plastic pipes are stagnated. Steel pipes and zasosovuyut leash for vikonannya aisle of the track by puncturing a pound.
The depth of laying cables up to 10 kV from the planar mark is 0.7 m. In case of emergence of cables (dents, punctures on loops, troughs in the "kappa" just), the cable can be laid without the need for transmissions, changes in isolation on the basis of the new cabins When repairing robots, it is most often necessary to check the winch for the extra cable from the drum.
We allow a heavy load for cables with a wire up to 10 kV in the table. When the cable is opened up to 10 kV, there are two additional monitors to control the additional dynamometer, which are located at the drum and run behind the cable.
Allowed heavy load when open for cables up to 10 kV

* Heavy cables with plastic and lead sheaths are allowed only for live. ** Lived from soft aluminum with visible visuals not less than 30%.
The cables are laid out from a reserve, equal to 1-3% of the first time (wrinkle), for the removal of critical mechanical stress in case of changes in the ground and temperature deformations; With parallel laying of cables in a trench, designed for the installation of additional couplings, it may be damaged at least 2 m. pererozpodilu couplings at їkh shkodzhennі.
In the cramped minds with high flows of active cables, it is possible to expand the compensators at the vertical area, expanding the sleeves below the level of the cable laying. The number of double-sided sleeves per 1 km of cable lines, which will freeze, is due to a day of 1-10 kV three-core cables with a cross-chain up to 3 x 95 mm 2, not more than 4 pcs., But a cross-chain 3 x 95 * 2 x 240 mm 2 - 5 pcs. ...

Replacement of cables at blocks.

I will replace the defective cable lines by rocking, as a rule, by means of the passage of the reserve openings of the block channelization. Look around the well to cheat two electricians with a visual of the robotic (maestri). At the same time, one electrician in a monter's belt with a tied to a ny motose sink into the well, and the other electrician, who has a motose to help the first one, should be called at the open hatch of the well.
When you spend an hour at the wells, you cannot smoke, if you ignite the syringes and burn them out, you can’t smoke. With robots in the wells, it is possible to fix the portable lighting fixtures for a spring of 12 V.
The maximum allowable weight of cables of the brands VVG, AVEG, VRG and AVRG from the rope brackets for living can be taken from the table. with a factor: for other veins - 0.7; for aluminum veins from solid aluminum - 0.5; for aluminum conductors from soft aluminum - 0.25. To change the amount of hardness when the cable is stretched, it is allowed to hold the mastic, but not to take revenge on the words, but very often on the shell (grease, solidol). Vitrata of thick mastic should be placed 8-10 kg on a 100 m skin cable.
The cable can be pulled through at a speed of 0.6-1 km / year and whenever possible without a loophole, when the cable is torn, it is possible to unite the great forces of hardness. After the end of the broach, the cable is laid at the well on the supporting structure, it is sealed at the end, and at all the cable goes through the channels in the block, elastic pads (for example, sheet asbestos) are placed to remove the casing from the wall.

Rosetting of cables in tunnels from storage of rollers:
1 - drum with cable; 2 - kutovі straight; 3 - line rolls; 4 - kutovy rozkochuvach; 5 - cable; b - winch cable
Get the muffs in the well for the installation to help the roses have a fireproof casing.
On the inserted blocks near the building, tunnels, etc., open the blocks in the blocks for laying the cables to lay them non-combustible and easily run with material. In the case of cable connections, the distance is less than permissible (for example, in the case of cable connections from pipes, in the case of small connections), asbestos-cement rings are put on the cables.

Replacement of cables at cable connections.

In cable applications, it is allowed to lay only cables without a permanent burned cover, for example, cables, which can be put on top of the armor with a fireproof fibrous cover, or a fireproof hose with a polyvinylchloride or a non-corrosive material.
If, when you replace the cable, it’s stuck with a tight cover, and it’s going to catch fire, then you’ll see on the doorway of the entire route in the middle of the cable right up to the point where it’s going out of the pipe or the opening. Unarmored cables with a polyethylene sheath behind the minds of fire safety cannot be laid in the vicinity.

Replacing the cables at the virobniks.

In the middle of the viral attachments, it is possible to lay only armored cables without a permanent cover, so that they can catch fire, or unarmored cables with a fire-resistant sheath. In those with an aggressive middle ground, cables with polyvinylchloride and other sheaths, resistant against the inflow of an aggressive middle ground, stagnate.
When laying new cables on trays and boxes on short rails along the route, they can be drawn from over-dried towers, platforms, grating, draglines, etc. Place cables on trays in one row. It is possible to lay the cables without a gap between them, and also in bundles I inserted one to one into 2-3 balls (at the bundle) і, like vignettes, into three balls. The current diameter of the beam is not more than 100 mm.
At the boxes of cables and darts, lay a bagatball with sufficient interchangeable roztashuvannyam. The height of the balls in one box is not guilty of changing the size of 150 mm.

Peculiarities of storing cables of the AAShv brand.

Cables of the ААШв brand will be stowed away from the "Single technical instructions". Do not lay the cables at temperatures of + 30 ° С and below - 20 ° С; do not rewind.
In any case, the laying of the cable route is to blame for the minimum number of turns, as a rule, not more than three turns per alarm, do not turn around when the cable is inserted into the alarm. The laying of cables near pipes is allowed only on straight lines of the head office not more than 40 m and at the inputs at the building and cable equipment.
The internal diameter of pipes, which is used for laying cables of the AASh brand, is to blame for the cable, which is not less than a double diameter, in all cases. For the removal of cables from mechanical devices on vertical racks, coverings are made of sheet steel.
At the dyuchy cable spheres for clever minds for mechanized gaskets zasosovyut manual way. When the cables are laid, I will hand over them about the ground, pidlog, the stin is guilty but not included. Wiring, mounting and transportation of AASh cable at temperatures below - 10 ° С should be carried out with special protection.
When the cable is programmed with a three-phase strum, shortly all the cables must be connected to the internal end, and with a single-phase abo post-strum Besides, two lived on the cable on the last year. With one wire of the lancers, the guilty butti lived, connected between themselves in parallel, and with the other wire, the third wire was connected to the cable. The values ​​\ u200b \ u200bof the power of the struma when the cables are programmed are indicated in the table.

Allowed values ​​of force struma when programming cables, A

Repair of a hose assembly for a cable of the AAShv brand.

Repair of a plug-and-play hose can be used in a hot sprinkler at a temperature of 170-200 ° C with an additional plug-in gun with an electric gun when used with a gas-fired gun. It is not necessary to tighten it with a vise of 0.98 * 104 - 3.9 * 104 Pa from the compressor, or we will tighten the cylinder.
Yak additive, when zastosovat polyvinylchloride rod with a diameter of 4-6 mm. Mystsya, who are looking for repairs, clean them with a cable knife before cleaning them, see third-party connections and see the edges, when they start, and bully in the parts of the hose assembly. Repair the hose from the filling of polyvinylchloride patches or loose cuffs.
The patch was cut out from the plastic so that the edges were cut by 1.5-2 mm over the cut. Weld the plate along the entire perimeter to the hose, then tighten the seam, then weld on the filler rod, and then weld the filler rod on the surface of the rod, and apply the weld in the weld process.
When repairing the hose from the loose cuffs, the polyvinyl chloride tube is removed by 35-40 mm more for a single piece, and the tube is pulled out and the ear is tightened to the cable symmetrically. Close the cuff with a polyvinylchloride line with a 20-25 mm croc, weld the dart into the cuff with a hose, and then lay and weld the stake near the end of the cuff. Know the lines of the brace, weld the bar to the cuffs, see the surface of the bar, make sure to start, and vibrate the residual virgin seams.
When repairing punctures, small openings and shells, add the additives to the hose and the end of the rod with a stretch of 3-5 times with a hot twist jet, press the rod into the rod and weld it up to the hose in the middle. Pislya chilled, having crossed over at the machine, welded a dart, yogo go.
With the method of sealing the hose and repairing the sealing seam at the time of repairs, until the sign of melting appears, up to 380 openings press the piece of cable paper folded into three-chotiri balls. For reliability, the operation is repeated 3-4 times.
If the cable is open, the repair of the hose can be carried out according to at least two balls, sticky polyvinylchloride stripes and greased polyvinylchloride varnish No. 1.

The end of the cable cores and wires.

The contact information of the strum-conductive veins can be made available to the freshened, prepared or soldered.
Technological operations for the removal of cables during the repair of analogous operations during installation and for the detailed view of the cable.
When repairing armor, KL will need to know a part of the armor, the armor will be sealed with a lead sheath, if the armor is not covered, the part will be seized with an anti-corrosion warehouse. If it is necessary to repair the sheathing of the cable, then on the offense of the sides from the start, I’ll look at the insulation, I will explain, turn the upper ball of the insulation to the view of the vologue. For a complete knowledge of the lines of paper insulation from a single cable and heating up to 150 ° C paraffin. Consumption and vision of the message about the penetration of the vologue in the middle of the cable under the lead sheath. As far as vologues are concerned, there is no cable in the middle, on the part of the shell, they put on a lead pipe, which is filled with two filler openings. The pipe is stored from rolled lead (two halves). Vona is guilty of 70-80 mm larger than the exposed part of the cable. When filling the pipe with hot mastic, seal it with a seam and put a middle bandage on it, which is soldered to the lead sheath. I will be connected to the cable by a vologue, I will send it to a dilyanka.

Control food

1. What robots do you need to check for an hour in-line repair of cable lines?
2. How many robots do they need to pay an hour for overhaul of cable lines?
3. How can I get a pair of cable lines?
4. How many technologic ones can you get stuck at the end of cables?