Merezheva file system NFS or Network File System, a popular file system protocol, which allows criminals to connect to the file directories on their machines and transfer files between servers. You can choose disk space on your machine for your files and files on our servers. By day, tse alternative outside access Windows for Linux, in the form of Samba, is implemented on the same kernel and is very stable.

Nfs will be installed in Ubuntu 16.04. We have established all necessary components, adjusting the sleeping folder, as well as adding framing folders.

Yak boolean, NFS, is a chain file system. For robots, a server is required, on which there will be a separate folder and keys, as you can mount a folder like a special disk in the system. On the view of the last protocols, NFS has given a glimpse of access to all files. The programs will be bachiti files yak from the zychayn_file systems and pratsyuvati z them yak z local files, nfs rotate only part of the file, replace the whole file, so the file system is visible in systems with a quick Internet local framing.

Inserting NFS Components

Before we can do it with NFS, we will have to install a program kit. On the machine that will be the server, you will need to install the nfs-kernel-server package, in addition to displaying nfs in ubuntu 16.04. For the whole visitor:

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

Now let's change the server setting correctly. NFS hearing is for TCP, as well as for UDP on port 2049.

rpcinfo-p | grep nfs

It is also important to reconfigure how NFS runs on the same kernels:

cat / proc / filesystems | grep nfs

Bachimo!

Let's add another dodamo nfs to auto-mailing:

sudo systemctl enable nfs

On a client computer, you need to install the nfs-common package, so you can work with the whole file system. You do not need to install server components without a package:

sudo apt install nfs-common

Setting up an NFS server on Ubuntu

We can open NFS access to any folder, but let's expand it for a new:

client_folder_addresses (opt)

Folder addresses are a whole folder, which is required to be available through a border. Клієнт - ip-addresses or the addresses of the hedge, from which you can edit access to the whole folder. And the axis іf the options of the trochale is more foldable. Deyakі from them can be seen:

• rw- allow the reading and writing of the tsiy paptsi
• ro- allow liche to chitannya
• sync- read on the steps to drink only if the data will be saved on the disk (for changes)
• async- do not block the connection until the date is recorded on the disk
• secure- vikoristovuvati for the day of the day only to port below 1024
• insecure- Vikoristovuvati be-yaki
• nohide- do not prikhovuvati pіdirectorії when іdkrittі access to many directors
• root_squash- send power to root on anonymous
• all_squash- re-create all power on anonymous
• anonuidі anongid- I will add uid and gid for anonymous koristuvach.

For example, for our folder a whole row can be viewed like this:

/ var / nfs 127.0.0.1 (rw, sync, no_subtree_check)

If everything has been adjusted, the new table has been lost to the NFS export:

sudo exportfs -a

Axis and everything, displaying nfs in ubuntu 16.04 is complete. Now I will try the mood of the client and try to mount it.

NFS connection

We are not going to report on the whole food at the current statistics. The topic is great, I will deserve merit on the next article. I’ll tell you a couple of words.

You do not need any nfs ubuntu client to enable the folder, you just need to use the mount command:

sudo mount 127.0.0.1:/var/nfs/ / mnt /

Now you can try to open the file from the connected director:

Also, take a look at the file system connections for the additional df:

127.0.0.1:/var/nfs 30G 6,7G 22G 24% / mnt

To set up the file system, it's enough to get the standard umount:

sudo umount / mnt /

Visnovki

The nfs ubuntu 16.04 nfs ubuntu 16.04 nfs ubuntu 16.04 has been fine-tuned in the statistics, yak bach, everything is just as easy to worry about. Connecting NFS can be displayed in a few keys, in addition to standard commands, and opening nfs in ubuntu 16.04 is not very fast for connecting. If you have run out of food, write in the comments!

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The protocols of transmission of the knowledge are not skinny. And the axis of bringing your computers into one grid or vikoristovuvati server for saving files would like a lot of hto. One way to get started: NFS. Yak set up an NFS server in Ubuntu - read the details.

Correctly configured NFS, it is possible to combine computers on different operating systems into one net.

Network File System - protocol for framing access to files. As a rule, it is stored in two parts. One - klієntska, yak roztashovana on a computer, from which to look at the visual data. Іnsha - server - roztashovana on computers, de dan sberіgayuyutsya. To finish manually vicoristovuvati dodatkovy disk space, especially at the local hedge. And if it’s about being a corporate PC, then it’s just necessary.

What do you know?

There are a large number of protocols and useful software security, scho vikonuє tі z functions. How do I see NFS?

• Possibility of connecting to one net of computers in other operating systems. Often Windows OS will manually connect NFS with a Unix-system, for example, Ubuntu. For many purposes, Samba is used, but NFS is lighter, simpler and faster with programs, some implementations on equal kernels. To configure access through a new one, as a rule, it will be simpler.
• NFS nadaє prozoriy access to files. It means that all visible files are created as they are, as they are local. The programs do not require upgrades, just add a file to the server.
• NFS directs a portion of the file rather than the entire file.

Installing the Network File System for the new robot needs to be installed on two computers: the server and the client. Naturally, newbies are most likely to get over the server side, some of them themselves need to share (open access) folders. Ale everything is simple to visit.

As there are many transmission protocols, NFS is not young. It was released in 1984 for UNIX systems. At once, the central role of NFS, protects itself, and then, behind the help of it, manually connect Windows computers with Linux computers. In addition, NFS is suitable for the production of multimedia content locally. homemade festoon... Samba at the tsyi role often changes and pidgalmovu.

Installing an NFS server

The server part of the protocol is installed on Ubuntu 16.04. Obviously, if you have a Server edition, then the process doesn’t change. It's just that in the traditional version of Ubunt deyaki diya, you can visit for an additional graphical interface.

I will install the program. For tsogo you can speed up the center of the entangled program, or you can simply enter the command:

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

We will not worry about the correctness of the installation. The robot is not obov'yazkovo, but all the same, it is mutable. The command is entered:

Port skrіz maє buti 2049.

Now we will be able to adapt the NFS kernel. For tsogo it is entered:

cat / proc / filesystems | grep nfs

Otrimanne the meaning of the ma viglyadati is like this: nodev nfsd

Tse means that everything is correct. Yaksho ni, then the command is entered:

Behind it, the kernel module is installed independently.

Dodaєmo protocol to autostart. The robustness is neobov'yazkovo, but it’s not easy to turn it on. Dodati, again, can be done by using a special menu item in the settings, but it can be done independently on behalf of the command:

sudo systemctl enable nfs

From the same time, the server part was set up, having lost it correctly її nalashtuvati and go to the client.

Nalashtuvannya

Setting up NFS in Ubuntu to avenge the sharing of song folders.

As long as it is easy to see the access, it is also necessary to enter the parameters, as well as to start the capabilities of the keystroke by bringing up the whole folder.

• rw - reading and writing This parameter allows you to read and write files from your father.
• ro - reading only - if you allow the folder to be read.
• sync (for suggestions) is a parameter that will ensure the reliability of the transmission. If there is any reason for this, then it will not be possible to transfer a few files to development of computers... The installation does not give a message on the power supply. Zapobіgaє vratі danih, ale transmission can be more.
• async is a great forward parameter. Transfer of ida shvidshe, ale vinikak risik vtrati information.
• secure - the option to allow vikoristovuvati to deprive the port, the number is lower than 1024. Umcnena for requests.
• insecure - allows you to pick up any kind of port.
• nohide - if you install a few directors, middle є investments, then investments, on the view from the father, it will appear as empty. Correct the help parameter
• anonuid - add uid for anonims. Price of special identifier of the corystuvach.
• anongid - vkazє gid for announcements. GID (Group ID) - one more identifier of a koristuvach.
• no_subtree_check - subtree control function. On the right, in that, without it NFS, it’s a bit overwhelming, so that the corystyouvachi can be harvested before the necessary distributions in the catalog. I trust the robot. The parameter allows you to accelerate, or lower it to be safe.

Oh my vikoristovuvuvatimo fallow from what is needed in a particular situation.

Stvorimo new folder... You can vikoristovuvati new. Our text will be / var / network.

Now you need to add the folder to the / etc / exports file. All files and folders with visible access are stored there. Writing the ma viglyadati like this:

/var/network168.1.1(rw,async,no_subtree_check)

192.168.1.1 - the whole IP, like my transmission. Vkazuvati yogo obov'yazkovo.

Updated export table:

Now we will try to restore access to the client folder.

Establishment and adjustment of the NFS client part

Ubuntu

On Ubuntu, setting up the server is not important. It’s not worth fighting for a couple of commands.

Install a special client package:

sudo apt install nfs-common

sudo mount 192.168.1.1:/var/network/ / mnt /

The folder is connected. With the help of df, you can rewrite all connected folders:

You can also change your access level by a special command:

You can access the file system like this:

The mount command may also skip ahead. Wonderful for the process of editing, to prepare the space on a hard disk for the victorious operating system... It sounds nice, if you can just forgive it, we just transfer it to the files on our computer to the new folder. Here you have to be called / mnt /.

Windows

In Vindoy, as a rule, everything is stacked on the wrong side. NFS client can run on all server Windows without any problems. Three standard wines for:

• Windows 7 Ultimate / Enterprise
• Windows 8 / 8.1 Enterprise
• Windows 10 Enterprise

More nowhere to know. As long as you have one of these versions, robimo like this:

1. The menu "Program components" is displayed.
2. Tisnemo "Completion of components".
3. We know NFS is there, and it can be set aside "Client for NFS", we do not need this component.

Pislya plugin is mounted with the following command:

mount 192.168.1.1:/var/network/ / mnt /

Rosemontuvati can be done like this:

Commands are introduced into command line, I will run from the name of the administrator. It’s easy to write, if you’re a Provider, you can know the required fancy disc.

And what about robiti, what about the NFS client on the computer is dumb? You can try to add the program through the Microsoft website or from other resources. You can, here інші commanders chi dії know.

Now you have a basic statement about those how you can choose NFC and simply set it up. You need to study the knowledge, so you can grant access from one computer to the other. Moreover, the role of the client can be viewed as a PC on Windows.

We’re going to save up this year, how to get the NFS (Network File System) client up and running. Windows Server 2012 R2 / Windows 8. Otzhe, just enable the directory (cool) in Windows Server 2012 R2 / Win 8, it is required, as in in front versions Windows, install the desktop component - NFS client ( Client for NFS). Dodatkovo, for the ability to set up NFS connections, you can install the NFS services component ( Services for Network File System).

The NFS client is included in the Microsoft OS stock, which can be repaired with Windows 7. In Windows 2012/8, the NFS client has small changes. Now the NFS client will accept authentication for the Krb5p protocol - Kerberos version 5 (for extensions up to Krb5 and Krb5i, which appeared in Windows 7), large NFS packages are available - up to 1024KB (for Win 7 maximum size package 32KB)

The NFS client can be installed through the GUI or with the help of Powershell... To set the graphical mode, open and vibrate the component (Features) under the name Client for NFS.

The graphical console of the NFS keruvannya will not be installed at once from the component, but it will be corrected by the option. Services for Network File System Management Tools at the Remote Server Administration Tools -> Role Administration Tools -> File Services Tools.

To install an NFS client in Windows 8, you need to activate the component Services for NFS -> Client for NFS, through the installation / viewing of components (Turn Windows features on or off) at the Keruvannya Panel (Control Panel -> Programs -> Programs and Features).

Note... On the view of Windows 7, the de NFS client will be present at the Enterprise and Ultimate editions, the Windows 8 Network File System client will be deprived of the older version - Windows 8 Enterprise.

You can change all the components of the system and can be installed without a single Powershell command:

Install-WindowsFeature NFS-Client, RSAT-NFS-Admin

After finishing the installation, start the console Services for Network File System Managemen and see the window of the authority of the NFS client ( Client for NFS).

You can install a client at the NFS setup:

• Transport protocols - over TCP + UDP
• Type of mounting NFS cooler: hard or soft
• The File Permissions tab will show the default rights for folded folders files on NFS coolers
• The Security tab will contain authentication protocols, for which you can authenticate to NFS servers

When setting up the adminstrator, you can mount the NFS directory using the mount command:

Mount \ lx01.abc.lab \ nfs z:

Many applications were mounted under the Z letter: the NFS directory, which was installed on the lx01.abc.lab server.

When installing, connecting the directory on the NFS server in this order is available in the system like an okremiy disk with the letter Z: \.

You can mount the NFS cooler with the help of Powershell:

New-PSdrive -PSProvider FileSystem -Name Z -Root \ lx01.abc.lab \ nfs

Note... Connections with such a rank nfs directory will be available only in the middle Powershell sessions, in which bulo vikonano has a command to install. Install the NFS directory from the system on post-production basis in the Powershell command line you need to add the key -Persist.

You can view the catalog as follows.

Skinny knows that in UNIX systems, the file system is a logical set of physical file systems, connected to one point. One of the main features of such an organization is, in my opinion, the ability to dynamically modify the structure of the existing file system. Likewise, the Zusillians of the developers on this day can easily connect the FS in a practical way, be it in a manual way. Speak "sposibom", for everything I want to add the power of the OS kernel robots with file systems at the viglyadi of the fancy ones.

Without lingering protocols, we can offer robots the ability to send files, be it FTP, SMB, Telnet or SSH. The cores are healthy, because they do not belong to the type of FS, so you can switch it on, you can use the additional programs mount to switch it on and on.

Today I would like to tell you about NFS - Network File System. This technology allows the connection of the FS point to the remote computer file system of the local computer. The NFS protocol itself allows the operation of file operations to be completed quickly, without fail and hopefully. And what do we still need? :-)

It is necessary in order for it to flow

Do not even talk about NFS versions and the appearance in the new kernels, it’s immediately quickened, unless the version of your kernel is lower than 2.2.18. In the official documentation, the vendors will revisit the functionality of NFS version 3 from the same core and newer versions.

The installation

To run an NFS server on my Ubuntu 7.10 - Gutsy Gibbon, I had to install the nfs-common and nfs-kernel-server packages. If only an NFS client is required, then nfs-kernel-server does not need to be installed.

Server setup

In order for all packages to be installed successfully, it is necessary to reconfigure the NFS daemon running:

/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status

If the demon is not running, you need to start it with the command

/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start

In addition, since everything has started successfully, you can export the file system. The process itself is even simpler and takes a minimum of an hour.

The main configuration file for the NFS-server is rewritten in / etc / exports in the following format:

Directory machine1 (option11, option12) machine2 (option21, option22)

directory- Absolute path to the FS server directory, to which access is required

machineX- DNS-name or IP-addresses of the client's computer, for which access is allowed

optionXX- parameters for the export of FS, which are most often used to be selected from them:

• ro- access to files is allowed only for reading
• rw- access to read / write
• no_root_squash- for promotions, if you connect to the NFS resource from the name of the root, the server, be safe, on your side, you will be turned to files from the name of the nobody. However, if you turn on the option, then the file up to the server side will be sent as root. Akuratnіshe s tsієyu opt.
• no_subtree_check- for substitutions, if you do not export the entire file on the server, but deprive a part of the FS, the demon will change the file, such as requests for physical distribution on the same, chi ni. If you export the entire file or the FS connection point, if you do not export files from other physical volumes, then you can turn on the option. Tse will give you the improved performance of the server robots.
• sync- change the option, as soon as the speed of the rapt is cut off the connection, or the server is turned on. If the option is not checked, then the risky will be moved even further when the NFS server is running.

Also, let's say we need to give the ashep-desktop access to the / var / backups directory of the ashep-laptop. Access to the catalog required for copying backups files from ashep-desktop. In my file we will step:

/ var / backups ashep-desktop (rw, no_subtree_check, sync)

To add a row to / etc / exports, you need to restart the NFS server for the correct order to be dialed.

/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

From and everything. You can download the connection of the exported FS on the client computer.

Nalashtuvannya client

On the client side, the file system is mounted so it can be mounted like that with the mount command. Also, it’s not worth picking up your vikoristovuvati / etc / fstab at a glance, if the FS switch is required automatically when the OS is locked. Otzhe, option from mount viglyadatime like this:

Mount -t nfs ashep-laptop: / var / backups / / mnt / ashep-laptop / backups /

Everything went well, and you need to check the connection to the last FS automatically when it is locked - just add the row / etc / fstab:

Ashep-laptop: / var / backups / mnt / ashep-laptop / backups nfs auto 0 0

Shcho shche

Axis i Wiishov is a practical little view of the possibilities of NFS. Surely, it is only a small part of what is in the NFS. Tsyogo enough for a victorian in the house of chi in a small office. I’m sure you are in a bad way, I recommend that you read it before

NFS (Network File System) is a chain file system that allows criminals to swarm to files and directories that have been downloaded to on remote computers, yakbi ci files and directories are local. The main challenge of such a system is that those that have taken a working station can be less than a vigorous disk space, some of the data, which can be spiritedly victorious, can be used on some machines and are available for other machines in a range. NFS is a client server program. Tobto. in the systems of a koristuvach, there are no NFS-clients, and on computers that have their own disk space - an NFS-server.

The installation

To install a server and a client, one package is required nfs-kernel-serverі nfs-common

sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common

Server setup

Effort to set up the server to be saved from the file / etc / exports... Vidkrivaєmo yogo on redaguvannya

sudo nano / etc / exports

and additionally in the file rows of the form (a row can be a sufficient number):

/ data 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0(rw,insecure,nohide,all_squash,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000,no_subtree_check)

When we say "mistsevim" we are talking about it, it’s okay to write to the file (run the programs, scoot up the files, etc.), to that meaning 1000 can be seen from yours. For the value of the uid of a koristuvach, use the id command<имя_пользвателя>

Restarting my server:

sudo / etc / init.d / nfs-kernel-server restart

Make a change to the file / etc / exports it is not necessary to restart the server, the Viconati is enough:

sudo exportfs -a

Nalashtuvannya client

To mount a folder, you need to install the folder on your local computer:

mkdir ~ / Available from behind

Montuvannya hand over

To install the folder, I will hand you the following command at the terminal:

sudo mount -t nfs -O uid = 1000, iocharset = utf-8 192.168.1.2:/ data ~ / Generally available

Slide pam'yatati, as yak at the server settings, so in the settings of the client at the montuvans, paths to the out-of-the-box catalog new. Tsey butt I will show that the / data directory is in the root of the file system.

Montuvannya from a record at fstab

For more slickness, you can add a folder write to fstab. Completely set the point of editing the file folder / media, so that the directories there, will be displayed in Nautilus in the left column, and you can edit them with one click.

sudo mkdir / media / Publicly available

U file / etc / fstab dodamo podibny record:

192.168.1.1:/data / media / Outbound nfs user, rw, noauto 0 0

option "noauto" paddle disc before the start of the system.

Problems

Vikoristannya on a laptop

When you mount a remote NFS folder behind the fstab add-on, it will fail, since the server will not be available, the laptop will not be able to wake up or go to sleep. To check out the distant NFS folders on the laptop, more quickly go to the installation for help autofs

Montuvannya behind autofs help

The whole way of editing allows you to automatically mount a folder to send the beast to it in nautilus (for example, through bookmarks), or in the terminal:

cd / nfs / server /

that automatically adjusts for daily activity.

The installation

For implementation given the way you need to install the autofs package:

sudo apt-get install autofs

Nalashtuvannya

To set up autofs for files /etc/auto.master it is necessary to add a row

/ nfs /etc/auto.nfs --timeout = 60

Here -timeout = 60 will be ordered per day for more than 60 seconds. Stvoryuєmo in the root of the file system and folder / nfs :

sudo touch / etc / auto.nfs && sudo mkdir / nfs

File /etc/auto.nfs dodaєmo row

Server -rw, soft, intr, rsize = 8192, wsize = 8192 192.168.1.2:/path_to_share

Rw, soft, intr, rsize = 8192, wsize = 8192 - mounting parameters;

server - a folder that can be found in the catalog / nfs when editing from remote folders;

192.168.1.2:/path_to_share– IP addresses of the server folder.

Restarting my autofs service:

sudo service autofs restart

Problems

Unavailability of a remote server

Even though the link with the NFS server is unavailable, there can be a lot of coverage (for 3 changes) when nautilus is displayed, in the tabs where there is an NFS folder.
To resolve the problem, it is necessary to change the hour of checking the autofs installation, for the whole file / etc / default / autofs it is necessary to make a comment to add new rows:

MOUNT_WAIT = 10

# hour ochіkuvannya vіdpovіdі vіd mount

NEGATIVE_TIMEOUT = 10

# ochіkuvannya hour when not far from the distance montuvannya

Write autofs view folder less than 10 seconds.

Vikoristannya

Problems

Problems with great sleep or weekends

When adjusting the installation of the NFS file folders, you can see some problems with the system getting to sleep. Most often it manifests itself as a glibin is overwritten (the computer repairs to the glybin, the screen goes out, so that the screen goes off again and the robot progresses, so in all these cases there can be problems with the number of problems and the type of emergency response system.

Freezing of tasks failed after 20.01 seconds (1 tasks refusing to freeze, wq_busy = 0)

For diagnostics, we are astonished by the log dmesg, mozhlivy visnovok:

Dmesg | grep -A 2 refuse Freezing of tasks failed after 20.01 seconds (1 tasks refusing to freeze, wq_busy = 0): nfs D 0000000000000000 0 2065 1 0x00800004

Dmesg | grep -A 2 refuse Freezing of tasks failed after 20.00 seconds (1 tasks refusing to freeze): updatedb.mloc D ffff88008e907578 0 9268 9261 0x00800004

A package, which is the reason for hanging, instructions for a row of cobs, an offensive message about a pardon.

Reason # 1: NFS package

The reason for this problem is the script of the NetworkManager robot, it is necessary to fence the network manager by changing the name:

Sudo mv /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/55NetworkManager /usr/libg/pm-utils/sleep.d/old.55NetworkManager

Reason # 2: updatedb.mloc package

updatedbє part package mlocate- An easy-to-use package for quick joke of files on systems. It's a pity, version 0.23.1-1ubuntu2, to be in the Ubuntu repositories to avenge a bug in any situation, if the computer can't wake up or go to sleep, if the NFS server is enabled... To find out the whole problem, you need to install the package version 0.23.1-1 from the debian-sid repository:

wget http: // ftp.ru.debian.org/ debian / pool / main / m / mlocate / mlocate_0.23.1-1 _i386.deb sudo dpkg -i mlocate *