Logic format

Penny format

Number format

Text format

Tipi danih

Rosemir text box It can be between 1 and 255 characters.

The type of the numeric field can be added to the value from the advanced list:

byte- Cycle numbers between 0 to 4255;

the whole- Cycles of numbers from - 32768 to 32767;

dovge whole - whole number of from - 2147483648 to 2147483647;

floating point (4 bytes)- Numbers in between vid - 3.402823E38 to 3.402823E38;

floating point (8 bytes) - the numbers in between the minus 1.79769313486232E308 to plus 1.79769313486232E308.

Date / Hour format

For danih type Date Hour With the help of the rifle butts:

New format (for changes) 04/15/94 05:30:10 PM

Short date format 04/15/94

Dovgy hour 17:30:10

Medium format at 05:30 PM

Short format at 17:30

For substitutions, a penny format є numbers written in two characters of the Komi letter, with a sub-group of distributions and values "R." in kіntsі. Koristuvach you can write by the row Field format template for its format. It is possible that it is necessary to enter the sum in dollars. Todi treba place the cursor on the word Groshovy and replace it with a template format, for example, like this: # ###$ .

Format "lichilnik"

Fields of the "filler" type display the singing function - automatic identification of records in tables. To the power of authority, as it is possible to have a change, such a field is not rich. Perche, the chiller - tse depend on the number. In a different way, the increase in value is automatically displayed. Access offers two options for changing the feeder: lastі vipadkovy. The first option is a Tim, which allows numbered entries. Another option can be used, if it is necessary to install the system of coding records from tables, stolen from the operator's non-bank.

The middle of a logical type can take one of two meanings: So abo Ні. Access offers two options for the name of the logical type: Truth / Nonsenseі Umkneno / Wimkneno. Regardless of what format of the field you will wrap, in the table, the logical field will be presented in the view to the set of examples. If you click the patron mister, then make sure that there is a checkmark in the square, which will show a logical meaning So... The skidding of the warrant means the assignment of the middle of the field logical value Ні. Victory of logical fields can be displayed, for example, in the questionnaires or the establishment of management elements.

OLE object field(Object Linking and Embedding) - the last type of the field, which can be selected from the list. There is little more power: the signature parameter is "binding field". Fields of this type do not store information, but take the data on objects, which can be included in the database with the OLE protocol data exchange. Such objects can be, for example, graphic files.

In order to run the OLE-object into the box, you need to place the cursor on it and press the Mish button to the right, click the context menu. Have a new team Insert object. The program opens a dialog box for a vibration type of object. Ob'kt at times ottozhnyutsya with supplements, in which there can be a set of edits.

Another option for inserting the object - vibir remikacha Create from file at vіknі Inserted object. Have At all the vipadku rely on respect, but the file is already there, and it is necessary to establish a call with it. Access display window display the document and send the vibrator required file It means that the program needs to be seen for the robot.

A semi-logical type can have one of two meanings: So abo Hi. Access proposes two variants of the name of the logical type: Truth / Lies and Uvimkneno / Vimkneno. Regardless of what format of the field you will wrap, in the table, the logical field will be presented in the view to the set of examples. If you click the patron mister, then make sure that there is a checkmark in the square, which will show the logical meaning So

The skidding of the warrant means the assignment to the middle of the field of the logical value Ні. Victory of logical fields can be displayed, for example, in the questionnaires or the establishment of management elements.

OLE object field

OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) field is the last type of field that can be selected from the list. There is little more power: the signature parameter is "binding field". Fields of this type do not store information, but take the data on objects, which can be included in the database with the OLE protocol data exchange. Such objects can be, for example, graphic files.

In order to run the OLE-object into the box, you need to place the cursor on it and press the Mish button to the right, click the context menu. Vibrate the command Insert object. The program opens a dialog box for a vibration type of object. Ob'kt at times ottozhnyutsya with supplements, in which there can be a set of edits.

Another option for inserting the object is the vibrating of the transfer. Create from the file at the window. At all vipadku rely on respect, but the file is already there, and it is necessary to establish a connection with it. Access displays the document display screen and when the user selects the required file, indicate if the program needs to be displayed for the robot.

The text is a combination of the text of the numbers, which is victorious as the address of the hyperpower.

Addresses - the whole text, which is assigned to the file for the document to be displayed. Shlyakh can be sent to a file written on a hard disk, either as an address in the UNC format or a URL in the Internet.

To insert an address into a field, you can use the HyperPower command in the Insert menu.

Bagatotablichni base danih. Vidnosini mіzh tables

Relational bases of data are stored from decal tables, links between which stand up for additional fields, so that they start. Kozhen has one object in the identification tables. Vidnoshennya mіzh objects viznoshennya vіnoshennya tablesі. Існує 4 types of services:

1. The relationship "one to one" means that the skin is recorded in one table, but not one record in the other table. One community of the country was given only one passport number, but only one passport number was given less than one person.

2. Vidnoshennya "one to bagatokh" means that the skin is recorded in one table, one or more records in the other tables. One university student can join one university and one hour before one university can join a large university.

3. Vidnoshennya "bagato hto to bagatokh" vinikє mіzh with two tables at vipadkas, if:

One record from the first table may be linked to more than one record from another table;

One record from another table may be linked to more than one record from the first table.

For example, calls between viclades and groups of students. Dekilka Vikladachiv leads employment with a number of groups, and a number of groups are engaged in a number of Vikladachiv.

Most often, there are two tables tied to the "one - to the bagatokh."

Connections between tables

In order to display the links between tables, I will have two more tables in the "Profkonsultant" database:

1. Table-abіturієnti:

Code Ab є is a key field.

2. Table of retinue tSvyaz ABVUZ:

First two fields є key, and for tables of links-Abvuzi stink є by someone else's keys.

Malunok 12.6. Danih scheme

In order to get a call, you need to use the Service-> Tribute Scheme command (button

). As soon as the links start to appear first in the data base, Access displays the empty window the Scheme of the money, and then the window displays the window for the additional tables. All windows will need to see the required tables and press the Add button. Our list has three tables. Close button Close the dialog box.

). Writing a ts'go vіkno Schemes of the danikh viglyadati approximately as shown in fig. 3 (крім ліній з'днання). To set the link between the tables of TVuz and tSvyazAbvuz, you need to see the Kodvuzu field in the Tvuzi tables (click with the left button "Misi"), drag and drop it on the field to Kodvuzu in the tSvyazAbvuz tables. Similarly, the links between two tables are established.

If you release the mish button, Microsoft Access The screen for the dialogue is shown in Fig. 12.7.

Malunok 12.7. Adjusting the links between the fields of the tables

For the establishment of a warrant officer For securing the integrity of the tribute, Access to make available two more warblers: A cascade of updating of the knitted fields and of the Cascade of seeing the knitted records. Once the warrant has been installed, the Cascade update of the associated Microsoft Access fields will update all the values ​​of other people's keys in the daughter tables (that is, in the tables on the sides, there is a blue "bagato" when the link is "one to the bagatokh key") when changing the value of the primary table to be on the side of the "one" with the call "one to the bagatokh". As soon as you stand up the forefather Cascade you can see the row of records, Microsoft Access sees the daughter rows (the rows are connected in the daughter tables) when the father's row is visible (the row is called at the father's table). Establish a forerunner of the Cascade update of the connected fields, when changing the code to the Access university, automatically update the records in the tables of communication.

By pushing the button Create Access open the links and a small line between two tables, which can be set to the links between them. Beast of respect: if you ask for the benefit of the data, Access the image on the line at the tables, which is on the side of the line "one", the number 1, and on the other line on the tables on the side there is a symbol of "one". To see the sounds, click on the yogo line and press the key Del. Yaksho vi bazhate vidredaguvati abo zminity ringing ring, two click on the general line, when you know it, on the dialogue Dialogue.

OLE object fields

MS Access allows you to take in image tables and data tables (for example, electronic table MS Excel, MS Word, baby sound recording). For qih tsіlei є type of danih Field ob'єkta OLE. A factual exchange of tribute, which you can enter in the field of the given type, and start by exchange hard disk Your computer (up to 1 GB).

Type of data master of settings

Vibrating type of given launch is a master of settings, which opens a field, in which a vibrating value from the list is displayed, how to open it, how to replace a set of permanent values ​​or a value from the table.

Rosemir of this field Get out of the size of the key field, so you can pick up like a substitution (call, 4 bytes).

Structure of tables

If we looked at the type of data from Access і about the power of the fields of the tables і, we can publish the structure of the tables. Structure of tables Zamovlennya base danih Borey, which is supplied together with Access. Qia table Already at the base of Danikh Borey, I will look at the process of opening the table even more. In order not to destroy the structure of the base of the Danikh Borey, go back to the beginning of the base of the Danih and open it up.

At the table constructor at the hundred Ім'я fields introduce CodeDefault .

Clavish Tab abo Enter , schob go to stovpets A type Danih. Beast of respect, that in the lower part of the window on the dialogue there is information in the section "Power of the Field".

At the hundred A type tribute meaning Textovy. Press the button to open the list in the right part of the rectangle, and play the list so that you can take revenge on your tips. From the list for the help mish, or the keys up and down, select the value Clerk tapping on the keyboard Tab to go to stovpets Description Stovpets Descriptionє Explained, yake Vi give your fields. If V is in the right way, you can see this table, which will describe it in the lower part of the MS Access screen, if you are in the field. CodeDefault , that nagadaє you are familiar with this field.

Enter an explanatory text at the store Description that press the key Tab abo Enter , go to the introduction of information about the offensive field.

Similarly, enter the description of all fields in the tables.

After completing the introduction of the structure of the table, save it by clicking on the command File / Save.

Access 2010 you can do it in the field with type of tribute OLE... At times, if the type of given tasks, yak OLE (Object Linking and Embedding- z'yazuvannya and vikoristannya ob'єkta), todі Access DBMS zberіgaє zovnіshniy ob'єkt v to the file base danikh, add yogo zberigannya style misc, skilk tsei ob'єkt borrowed yak okremogo file. Під ob'єktami next to the file, the opening at the viglyad and the graphic editors, video clips, MS Office programs, etc. When storing tables with data, such as objects, at the given position of the field with the type of data OLE, the information about the program is formed, for which you can see the object. Visualization of the object zd_ysnuvatimetsya deprivation in forms and sounds.

For vbudovuvannya ob'єktu near the field tribute type OLE you need to see the table in modes "Constructor". Dodati nove field, for example "Product photo". Vibrati type danih "OLE object field", please save the table.

Poten in the "Table" mode at the row for entering the data, click the right mouse button, at the menu, next, vibrate the row with the command, before displaying the dialogue window (Fig. 3.38, Fig. 3.39).

Small. 3.38 Inserting an object

Small. 3.39 Dialogue window for adding a new object to Access tables

A slid of memory, so two possibilities in vbudovuvati ob'єkti yak danih. First transmission power typical supplements For a file, which I will accept Access, another option is to insert an object, so that you can allow a file like a dzherelo danih (Fig. 3.40).

Small. 3.40 Adding a new object to the Access tables from the file

1. Setting the object from the file.

If you are looking for dans, yak є ob'uktami for bazi danih, і є call files, you need a mother ci file. It is necessary to insert a number of files, to add them to the image in the database, and also to try to make a change in these files. For example, if you can see a photograph of an object from a file Monitor.jpg(jpg is a universal photo format). The file is saved from the database, next to the window (Fig. 3.40) put a sign "Create to file", for what to appear in the window, which is presented by the little boy 3.41. For help buttons "Look around" slid vibrate the required file.

Small. 3.41 Send a message to the file for the hour of opening the object at the database

In a common row for the field, for example, "Product photo" show up the word Package Tse means, that the file of bindings before the programs, for the help of which are in the bindings. To that, when you look at the base of the data, it will be fed, the form does not sound, you can change the image file at the icon's view, and when you click on the image, the system will be able to see additional data, and then the file will be displayed in the new view ( given application(see photo). Vinyat є files from images, saved from extensions .bmp(bit map format). Simultaneously z tim, slid nagadati, scho files, shoots in Microsoft programs, will be displayed at once in the forms and sounds. The design is simple, photos can be inserted into such programs like Paint, Word, Power Point, zberigati at the viglyad okremich files, and then switch yak ob'єkt to the base danih. Try to open a few files from photographs and text Windows editor... For example, you can open a Word document, insert a photo from the file, add the text, and then save it: Monitor.docx(Fig. 3.42).

Small. 3.42 File from photographs, cases of Word

2. Development of new objects.

On the basis of new objects at the base of the given mothers on the list of programs, the file is added to the file, and then it is connected to the field with the description of the type of OLE. To start the shutdown mode of new objects, it is necessary to display the table in modes "Table", vibrate option "Create new" at the dialogue window (Fig. 3.39), and then at the list of views Type of object (necessary supplement). Changing the data, as I receive Access to open the object, reload the list (Fig. 3.43), which opens when launching the command "Insert object" .

Small. 3.43 Switching types of Access objects, which can be used for opening files

The success of the victorian program for the establishment of objects in the view of the files in the field is in the fact that the given files can be victorious autonomously or in the base of the data.

Clear version of the system of objects for bazi danih, for help program paint.

For example, it is necessary to set the object from the images of the enterprise and the text, which is given by the coristuvach basi danih can be replaced by chi vypraviti. You need to vibrate the list for the whole Bitmap Image object, for the technology of the object's stem, a little 3.44 is shown.

1. Open the Paint program

2. Insert photos from the file.

3. Submit the text (if necessary).

4. Save the file.

5. Close the program.

Small. 3.44 Technology of the establishment of the object in the program Paint

Zavdannya 3.11

1. The tables Goods"in mode "Constructor" give a new hundredpets from im'yam "Product photo", type of tribute " OLE object field Save money.

2. In the regime "Table" in the field "Product photo" wrap a row "Insert object from file", vibrate (put a speck) "Create new" from the list, how to open up, add Microsoft document Word... When you see a text editor MS Word here it is necessary to insert the little ones, from the goods in the given row. Vibrate the little ones from the list, which can be saved without the need to go to the editor (the "Insert" tab, the "Image" icon, the right-handed dialog box has the "Click" button), or insert the little ones from the other programs. You can use the Paint program (Bitmap Image object), de-paint the product yourself. Close the file, it will be automatically attached to your base, to the row, inserted into the yaku.

3. Find out the procedure for all rows your table "Products".

4. Save money.

Control food

1. Can you insert an object into a database using the OLE data type?

2. Can you insert a photo into the table yak "Table"?

3. Will the photo be displayed in the database?

4. Chim to learn how to create new object"To the" Create from file "method?

5. Yak post the photo file to the product in the database .png?

6. Chi can be sent to the file, which inserts yak ob'єkt at the base of the data without a file system computer?

7. How to insert the presentation before the base danih?

8. What programs can be inserted into the database?

The result of storing tables, de the type of object is indicated in the corresponding field - Speckled baby... For a glance at the vprazhenogo object, it is enough to place the cursor at the pop-up field and double click the mouse button.

To display in place of the field, at the viewer of the icon, which represents the file as a document, at the window (small 3.20) set the foreman At viglyadi piktogrami(Display As Icon). Badge may booty vicoristany for presentation tied ob'єkt.

Introduced logically linked records

Enter a number of logically interconnected entries in the tables of the group and the STUDENT.

Ob'kti GROUP and STUDENT are tied with unambiguous indications, albeit, the scheme of the data is set, at which links between tables are installed, the system is not capable of controlling the logical links of input data. In order to reject the integral base, in all the records of the light tables, the head record is logically linked to it, the most logical links of the records are needed. When an orderly entry is entered in the table, the student needs to reconsider the explicitness of the entry in the head tables with a group with a key, the value of which is to be entered from the values ​​of the field the link (name key) of the orderly entry will be entered. If you add a record about a student of group 221 it is necessary, the group with the number of the ball is presented in the table GROUP.

When the table of records is entered without the middle, logically linked from the records of the “tables”, it should be shown on the screen of the tables (Fig. 3.21).

For a one-hour display of a critical table, you can speed up the command Up and down abo Zliva to the right by the menu Vіkno.

Vikoristannya fields with a list before the hour of entering entries

One of the ways of introducing additional records only for the explicitness of the associated record in the head table can be a list of the ordered table fields from the list, including the values ​​of the fields of the head table. In the table for the student for the field NG (group number), the field with a list, prompted by the key of the group table. To see Table I, the student is in the constructor mode. The cursor can be inserted in the field of NG at 100. Type of data, display list and vibration row Master of food installations(Div. Fig. 3.5). At the vіknі maistra, wіdkrylos Installation of the installation recoverable ensign Ob'єkt "stoovpets of installation" vikoristovuvat the values ​​from the table or to the power supply... Whenever a list is prompted based on the values ​​of the tables.

At the offensive majstr's screen, the table GROUP is vibrated, on the values ​​of which there will be a list of the field. There are many vibrators, there is a list from which form.

At the onset of the majstr's windows, the width of one hundred percent of the list of that signature will be required. At the end of the field mister, the list ends with a list. The parameters of the list, prepared by the mayister, are displayed at the windows of the authorities of the NG field on the deposit Installation.

Now, after the hour of entering the data at the table, the student can speed up the list, in which all the values ​​of the NG field, such as the group tables, can be displayed. The introduction of the value in the field of NG will go through the selection of the required value from the list. The presence of the field from the list is not a fence entered in the field NG value, which is not specified in the list. However, when the parameters are entered in the list at the designer's window, at the The power of the field on deposit Installation vibrati for quality Bounded by a list value So, then the introduction of non-transferring values ​​in the list will become tired. The system provides a cue to the situation and in the case of the indication from the list, the appearance is shown in Fig.

In such a rank, the criminals of perturbations will be caught without the values ​​presented in the list, and the entries will be added to the ordered table if the entries are not linked. In such a rank, the victorious lists are not only forgiven for the introduction, but for the permission to remove the bagatokh of pardons.

There is one more butt to be displayed with a list. Reconstructed tables of the field of KP - the code of the subject in the field with the list. For a complete display of the table in the design mode, the cursor is placed at the field of the KP at 100 Type of tribute, the list is displayed and the row is Master of food installations... In the dialog with the maystr, I will vibrate on the basis of the item being brought up to the table, on the basis of which the list is set, and included before the list of the field: KP (item code) and NP (item name). Besides, it’s overkill, since I’ll propose a master, let’s mention the great-priest. The result of the robot is the representation majestr on.

Yaksho stand up the great-priest Prikhovati keystovpets (recommended) for the first hundredth of the list, the width will be set to zero. With all the power Bounded by a list you can only take one value - So.

The value of the field with a list of such parameters should be replaced by the value of the key field with the value of another field in the list before being displayed at the field of the table of KP, the value of the other field to the list - the NP field (item name). In fig. 3.30 it is shown how the fields in the VIVCHENNYA table are displayed in the list Subject code and Timetable № viclade for the zero width of the assigned hundred.

Thus, the registration of fields from the list can be used to unify pardons when additional entries are introduced in the tables as for the reason that in the tables you can substitute the keys for the display of values, so for the reason that the list will be introduced with the set of values.

Uwaga!

After the hour of opening the fields with the list, the installation master automatically opens the links between the table, at which the field is listed as a list, and in the table-dzherel the value of the list. The whole number of links can be posed at the window Scheme of the tribute by pressing the button of the toolbar View all the links.

Obviously, at the base of the given folding structure before the hour of the introduction of the tax on the table, it is not guaranteed that the data are properly and correctly serviced. In the application of the base of the data Navchalny process when the data is entered in the tables of the lower levels is necessary | vіdstezhuvati kіlka vishchih. For a great obedience, the tse is also very important.

Access tribute scheme

In the Access DBMS, the process of establishing the relational database includes the establishment of the data. Danih scheme Figuring out the logical structure of the base of the data: tables and links between them, as well as making sure that there are no links installed at them for processing the dues.

For a normalized data base, based on unambiguous and unambiguous data tables, for data schemes for links to such tables for the primary key of the head table, or for a unique index, you can set the parameters for safety ringing consistency.

For the improvement of the integrity of the backlog of dues, the presence of the record in the ordered tables has been banned, as well as in the head tables in the daytime the record is linked to it. Apparently, when the cob is closed, the base data, as well as the corrections, added that visible records, the system allows the operation of the operation, as it is not possible to break the integrity.

The links, the values ​​of the schemes of the data, are automatically processed for compilation of tables when developing various forms, feeding, and prompting the processes of designing.

The scheme of data in Access is not deprived of a graphical representation of the logical structure of the data base (div. Fig. 2.16), it is actively using the system in the process of robots with the data base. Whenever there is a problem with some of the other tables, the system of vicarists is saved from the schemes of those who are linked between tables, because of the need for a special system to recognize the sensitivity of these tables. As the meanings of the schemes given by the system are automatically turned off.

Relational database of data, created according to the draft canonical model of data, is stored in normalized tables. At such a base of dues, it’s safe to see the duplication of dues in other tables, and, apparently, it’s not easy to get back to the dues. In the process of fixing the data base, for the removal of information about the power supply and the transmission of calls, as well as for the transmission of large numbers of enterprises, one-hour access to a number of interconnected tables is required. The implementation of the schemes of the gifts allows to simplify the design of various forms, power supplies, calls and links to access until the due date and without providing access integrity vzaєmopov'yazanih danih pіd hour correcting table.

Links between tables

When you set up the schemes of the Access data, they start to remember the links between the tables. On the basis of interconnected tables, the system automatically creates a collection of tributes for the establishment of forms, supplies, calls, and access to tributes. The schema of these bases is graphically displayed at windows, de tables are represented by lists of fields, and the link is represented by lines between fields of other tables.

One-to-one (1: M) or one-to-one (1: 1) links

The scheme of the tribute, the first for everything, is designed for the robot with tables, which show the normalization, but there can be one-to-one (1: M) or one-to-one (1: 1) links. For such tables, you can automatically pick up the consistency. To that, the scheme is given to a certain extent, depending on the information-logical model.

When prompting the scheme of the data, Access will automatically initiate a link after the vibrating field to the type of display between tables. Where the field, as it is necessary to set a ring, is a unique key for one, and for the other table, Access has been placed one to one... As the field has a link with a unique key of one table (head table link), and in the іnshіy table (ordered tables link), it is not key, or to enter before the storage key, Access appears one bug mіzh records of head and pіdlegloi tables. Only in any case, you can set up an automatic adjustment of the integrity of the sound.

Respect

For linking the tables, change the key field to register a single unique index, the system also recognizes the presence of tables 1: It allows you to set the parameters for securing security.

Links-ob'єdnannya

Mіzh two tables with the same field can be used to establish links turn on the bell... For communication, you can use one of three methods of converting entries into tables:

1. Establishment of records only when the fields are knitted on both tables (for the change).
2. Establishing records for a set of related fields in both tables, as well as all records in the first tables, for some non-related fields in other tables, with an empty record of other tables.
3. Establishing records for all the related fields in both tables, as well as all records in other tables, for some non-connected fields in the first tables, with an empty record of the first tables.

To establish a connection, there can be references, be it from the overwhelming methods of communication, directly from the fact that there are tables in which there are tables that are connected: 1: 1, 1: But the type of performance cannot be represented by the system. For example, when choosing in the head table like the field is not a key field, but a field that is entered before the key storage, Access is random, but the type of the name cannot be used. Alle, in a wide range of tables, you can establish a link-to-be-one type. If the schemes of the given designations start with links between two tables, between the two tables behind the names, there will be a connection for the first type, directly according to the type of one type.

The link-to-register will not provide the information about the entries in the tables, but the same values ​​of the field can be used. Moreover, for clearer the value of the field, the dermal record from one table, the same is the dermal record from the inshoi table. In addition, if it is vibrantly different, or the third option, it is also possible to accept records from easy tables, for some logically related records in the head tables. Remaining two options are often needed before the hour of deployment of practical buildings.

Protection of the integrity of the Danih

When the scheme of the given koristuvach is set, it will include tables and will establish links between them. As the tables, which are ringing, are known to be of the 1: 1 and 1: M type, for organizing the call it is possible to set up a forerunner for securing the ringing integrity of the data, as well as the automatic cascade updating and recording of the dressings.

The safety of the ringing integrity of the data means that, with the correct basis of the data Access, I will have control over the attention of such minds for the tables that are connected:

• up to the easy tables, you can add a record with the key values ​​that are not meaningful in the head tables;
• it is not possible to see a record in the head tables, since you cannot see the associated records with it in the ordered tables;
• it is not possible to change the value of the key link in the record of the head table, as well as in the ordered table є linked to it.

When you try to destroy the key in the operations, you must add that visible entries or update the key data in the associated Access tables, see if it happens that the operation is not allowed to be displayed.