Antipyretic remedies for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are situations of indispensable assistance for fevers, if the child needs to give faces negligently. Then the fathers take on themselves the resuscitation and stop the antipyretic preparations. What can be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What are the most safe faces?
It is safe to dow a small equal amount of pellusts at the DN, as it was planned earlier, one of the most important ones could reach modern antennas.
In the analysis of linear systems of uninterruptedly growing viprominuvachies, the fallowness of the equal of wild pellusts was noted according to the AR law in the system.
In principle, it is possible to adopt such a law of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the system, in case of any case, the fluctuations of DN are daily.
True, let it be an in-phase grating with two isotropic
viprominyuvachіv, roztashovanih on vіdstanі d= - one kind of one (Fig. 4.36).
The amplitude of the awakening of the viprominuvachiv is the same (equal AR). Valid to formula (4.73) DN of a two-element lattice
When you change 0 vіd ± - the value of sin0 changes from 0 to ±1, and the value of D0) - vіd 2 to 0. DN has only one (head) pellet (Fig. 4.36). Bichnі pelyustki vіdsutnі.
Let's look at the linear lattice, which is made up of two elements, leather from some of the most well-looked-up ridges. A new grid, like before, vvazhaemo in-phase, stand between the elements X
d=-(Figure 4.37, but).
Mal. 4.36. In-phase grating with two isotropic viprominuvachi
Mal. 4.37.
The law of the Republic of Azerbaijan takes the view of 1; 2; 1 (Fig. 4.37, b).
Appropriate to the rule of multiplication of DN, there is no grid of beetles (Fig. 4.37, in):
Offensive croc - in-phase line system, which is added up in two
forward, shifted in a straight line to the rear - (Fig. 4.38, but). Take away a choice of element grating from AP1; 3; 3; 1 (Fig. 4.38, b). DN cih grate also does not have flails (Fig. 4.38, c).
Pursuing the proposed algorithm for increasing the number of viprominuvachi in the system, for the DN of in-phase gates, which consists of eight elements, we take the formula
Mal. 4.38.
AR in such letters should be written in such a way: 1; 7; 21; 35; 35; 21; 7; 1. Recording the number as coefficients in the layout of Newton's binomial (1 + x) 7 in a row, that is why AR is called binomial.
For the obviousness of a linear discrete system P viprominuvachіv bіnomne AR is indicated by the coefficients of the expansion of Newton's binomial (1 + x) n ~ 1, and DN of the system - Viraz
Yak bachimo z virazu (4.93)
In this way, for the fluctuations in the in-phase discrete system of the binamic AR, it is possible to reach the total switching off of the white flutes. However, it can be reached at the cost of a significant expansion (matched with equal AR) of the head pan and a change in the KND system. In addition, it is difficult to blame the practical safety of synphasic wakefulness and to achieve an accurate binomial AR in the system.
A system with a binomial AR is more sensitive to changes in the PRA. Small creations at the law of the AFR cry out for the appearance of beetles at the DN.
Due to the assigned causes, the AR binomial in antennas is practically not victorious.
The AR is more practical and dotsilnym, for whom the optimal DN is called so. Under the optimal understanding of such a DN, in which case, with a given width of the head pellus, the rib of the flank pellets is minimal, or with a given ravine of the flank pellets, the width of the head pellet is minimal. AR, which shows the optimal RP, can also be called optimal.
For a discrete in-phase system of isotropic
mortgages on vіdstanі but> - one type of one, optimal є
Dolph - Chebyshevske AR. However, in a number of vipadkіv (when there is a singing number of vipprominuvacs and a singly equal number of beetles), the AR is characterized by sharp “splashes” at the edges of the system (Fig. 4.39, but) and importantly implemented. In these drops, go to the so-called quasi-optimal AR with smooth drops to the edges of the system (Fig. 4.39, b).
Mal. 4.39. Amplitude difference: but- Dolph - Chebyshevske;
b - quasi-optimal
With a quasi-optimal AR, it is equal to the optimal level of the rye of the pellusts, but it is less likely to increase. The implementation of a quasi-optimal AR is much simpler.
The task of searching for the optimal and viable quasi-optimal AR has been deviated from for systems of uninterrupted distribution of viprominuvacs. For such systems, the quasi-optimal AR є, for example, was given by Taylor.
For suffocating the drink from the flaxseeds of the vicorist, there is the use of energy equalities in the production of the head tassels.
1.2.1. The strangulation of water in the form of flares by the directivity diagrams of the dispatcher VRL is related to the so-called three-pulse system (div. Fig. 2).
Mal. 2 Asphyxiation of the water in the air vents of the DRL behind the three-pulse system.
Up to two pulses of the energized code P1 and RZ, which is supported by a straightened radar antenna, the third pulse P2 (smothering pulse) is added, which is replaced by a straightened all-straight antenna (smothering antenna). The smothering pulse goes on 2 µs after the first pulse of the power code. The energy rіven of the antenna suffocation is suffocated in such a way that, at the time of receiving the rіven signal, the suffocation will be more equal than the signals, vibrated by the bean pellets and less than the signals, vibrated by the head pellet.
At the output, the amplitudes of the impulses P1, P3 and the strangulation impulse P2 are balanced. When receiving a power code at a straight side pellust, if the signal is strangled, or if the signal is switched over to the power code, the signal is not beaten. The audit is carried out only once, if the level Р1, РЗ is higher than the equal Р2 by 9 dB or more.
1.2.2. The suppression of the water supply from the airborne pellets by the directivity diagrams of the landing radars is carried out in the BPS unit, in which the method of strangulation over the threshold that floats is implemented (div. Fig. 3).
Fig.3 Removing the packet of signals from the signal
in case of jamming of the strangulation system with a floating threshold
This method is based on the fact that in the BPS, for an additional inertial system, the stiffness is memorized by looking at the voltage of the signals, taken from the main pellet by the straightening diagrams. A part of the tension voltage, which corresponds to the given level, which outweighs the level of the signals in the flare pads, is set as a threshold at the output of the subsilience and the step of the change of the threshold is carried out only when the value of the threshold is overridden by the input signals. Tsya the pressure is corrected at the foot of the prominence.
1.3. The structure of the signal
The signal to clear the word information is composed of a coordinate code, a key code and an information code (div. fig. 4a *).
Fig.4 The structure of the code in the code
The coordinate code is two-pulse, and its structure is the difference of the skin word of information (div. Fig. 4b, c*).
The code of the key is three-pulse, its structure is different for the skin for the words of information (div. Fig. 4b, c*).
The information code is 40 pulses, which will generate 20 bits of the double code. Skin discharge (div. fig. 4a, d) to take two pulses, which are sent one by one for 160 μs. Interval between pulses of one order of fillings with impulses of other orders. Leather category to take revenge on your own double information: symbol “1” or symbol “0”. For the transmission of two symbols, the SO-69 transmission uses the active pause method, the symbol "0" is transmitted by a pulse, which is delayed by 4 μs at that time, at which pulse is transmitted, which designates the symbol "1". Two possible positions of the skin discharge impulse (“1” and “0”) are shown by crosses. Hour interval between two characters "1" (or "0"), coming one by one, taking 8 µs. Also, the interval between successive one after one characters "1" and "0" is 12 µs, and if the character "0" is followed by the character "1", then the interval between pulses will be 4 µs.
The first discharge transmits one pulse, which means one, which means 4 µs jamming, and zero, which means 8 µs jamming. The other discharge also transmits one pulse, which means 2, which means 4 microseconds of jamming along with the forward discharge, zero, which means 8 microseconds of jamming. The third digit is transmitted 4 and 0, it is also fallow in the same position, the 4th digit is transmitted 8 and 0.
So, for example, the number 6 is transmitted as the number 0110 in the double record, so the sum is 0 + 2 + 4 + 0 (div. Fig. 1)
Information transmitted for 160 μs, in the next 160 μs, something else is transmitted, which significantly increases the resistance to the transfer of information.
Vidnosny (normalization to the maximum DN) rіven vіpromіnіvannya antena vіdnosіnіh pelyustok. As a rule, UBL is expressed in decibels, it is more appropriate to indicate UBL "for pushing" or "on the field".
Butt with diagrams of directness of the antenna and parameters of DN: width, KND, UBL, rear vibrating airway
The DN of the real (final range) antennas is an oscillating function, in which they see the global maximum, which is the center head pan RP, as well as other local maxima of RP and other similar names side pads DN. term bichny follow the mind secondary, and not literally (pelyustka, straightened "vbіk"). The DN pellets are numbered in order starting from the head one, which is given the number zero. The diffraction (interference) pattern of the DN, which is to blame for the resolution of the antennas, is not taken into account. Minimum DN, which separate the PLs of DN, name zeros(Riven viprominyuvannya in direct zero DN can be as small as ever, but in reality viprominuvannya zavzhdniy present). The area of biological vibrance is divided into subdomains: area(I lay down to the head diaper DN), industrial regionі the area of the rear flanks(The entire rear pivsphere).
- Pіd UBL razumіyut the best rhubarb of the largest rhubarb. As a rule, the largest after the size of є persha (lay down to the head) is a pelustka.
For antennas with high straightening, vicorist also middle rib of lateral vibrating(normalized to its maximum DN averaged in the sector of kutіv bіchnogo vіpromіnyuvannya) that rіven distant bіchnyh pelyustok(visible rhubarb of the largest pellus in the region of the rear pellusts).
For antennas of late vibrating for assessing the level of vibrating in a straight line “backward” (in a straight line, to the opposite straight line of the head lobe of the DN), the parameter Vіdnosny rіvіn posterior vіpromіnyuvannya(Vid English. front/back, F/B- Forward / backward), and in case of assessment of UBL, viprominuvannya is not insured. Also, to assess the level of vibrance at the straight line “on the side” (at the straight line perpendicular to the head diaper of the DN), the parameter is victorious Vіdnosny vibrіchny vіpromіnyuvannya(Vid English. front/side, F/S- Vіdnoshennia forward / vbіk).
UBL, yak and width of the head pellust DN, є parameters that determine the razdіlnu zdatnіstі і overshkoda zashchenії raіotechnіchnіchnyh sistem. Therefore, in the technical requirements for the distribution of antennas, these parameters are of great importance. The width of the UBL change is controlled both when the antenna is put into operation, and in the process of operation.
Targets for reducing UBL
- In the reception mode of the antenna with low UBL, “zavadosity”, the oscillators are more likely to have a better selection in terms of the space of the cory signal on aphids, noise and shifting, and some kind of roztashovani in the straight lines of the white pellets
- Antenna with low UBL secures the system with greater electromagnetic interference with other radio electronic devices and high-frequency devices
- Antenna with low UBL provides more security to the system.
- In the antenna of the auto-supply system, there is a possibility of pardoning support from the side pads
- Decrease in UBL (when fixing the width of the head vent of DN) leading to an increase in the level of the head vent in the direct line of the DN (up to the increase of the LP): the increase in the increase of the antenna in the straight line, to the head of the head - an empty waste of energy. However, as a rule, when the dimensions of the antenna are fixed, the decrease in UBL leads to a decrease in the CVP, expansion of the head lobe of the DN and a decrease in the directivity factor.
The payment for the lower UBL is the expansion of the head vent of the DN (with fixed antenna sizes), as well as, as a rule, the folding design of the sub-system and the smaller KKD (for PAR).
Ways to reduce UBL
Scatters of the antenna pattern in the far zone and the amplitude-phase distribution (AFR) of the strum on the antenna are connected to the Fur's transformations, then UBL as the second parameter of the pattern is determined by the AFR law. The main way Decreasing UBL when designing antennas is to choose more smooth (which falls to the edge of the antenna) spacious distribution of the amplitude of the strum. Mira tsієї "smoothness" - the coefficient of variation of the surface (KVP) of the antenna.
Ideally, promin, which is directed by the antenna to the satellite, the mother is guilty of the shape of a sharp olive. Unfortunately, the shards of dozhin's hair are small in size in parallel with the aperture (diameter) of the antenna, the focal point is fixed, actually ceasing to be accurate. This calls for a small rozbіzhnіst of the head promenade and deyka nebazhany zalovlyuvannya pozaosovyh signals. The polar diagram, which results, is formed from a narrow exchange, called head pellet that series of bean pellets has a smaller amplitude.
Typical diagram of straightness parabolic
reflector in polar coordinate system
Shards of the polar diagram are often important to interpret, the difference lies in the shape of the appearance of a rectangular coordinate system. The theoretical characteristic of the signal for the antenna, which is evenly evaluated, with a diameter of 65 cm at a frequency of 11 GHz, is normalized and presented on a small scale:
In fact, factors, resurfacing more, accept the introduction of irregularities to the point of characteristics, but the overall picture shows the fallow land to become permanent.
The background noise comes to the antenna system mainly through the bichní pelyust, it is necessary, so that the stench was albeit less in relation to the amplitude of the head pellust. The antenna is evenly upgraded and theoretically creates the first and largest of the four bands at a level close to -17.6 dB below the maximum value of the head band.
Really denounced rarely becomes equal. Accuracy of rozpodіlu promіnennya to deposit according to the type of installed promіnjuvacha. It is necessary to bring to the understanding of the effective area or the efficiency of the antenna system. In other words, the largest part of the signal tightness is taken from the central part of the mirror and changes at the outer edges of the antenna. Therefore, a weak curve of the reflector of the antenna can be background noise.
Inconsistently (insufficiently) the reversal of the mirror changes the rib of the first bead to a value of less than -20 dB, thus lowering the background noise. At first glance, the decision seems to be ideal, but it’s not enough to bring up some unimportant results - a change in the coefficient of strength of the antenna and a significant increase in the width of the promenade (head pan). The main characteristic of the antenna straightness diagrams is the width of the equal half tension, as it expands like the width of the head pane of the diagrams on the equal -3 dB. Rіvnyannya, yakі zastosovuetsya for the calculation of the width of the diagrams of straightness on any given equal head line, to finish the folding and labor for the vykonannya. However, these parameters, such as the width of the head pellus on the level of -3 dB, the amplitude of the first pelvis and the expansion of the first zero (a dip in the straightening diagram), should lie in installed way oprominennya can be easily re-insurance for additional help, pointing below in the tables. The cosine spread is close to the middle one, and as the method of the accepted measurement of neudomy, it can be vikoristane in the quality of the first approximation when the width of the straightening diagrams is adjusted on the level of -3 dB.
Riven of the pellusts with straightness diagrams
Riven bean pelyustok (UBL) directivity diagrams (DN) of the antenna - rated (normalization to the maximum DN) the level of the antenna's vibrancy at the straight line pellets. As a rule, UBL is expressed in decibels.
Antenna directness diagrams butt and parameters: width, directivity factor, UBL, damping factor
The DN of the real (end-of-line) antennas is an oscillating function, in which one sees directly the main (largest) vibrance and the direct direction of the head vent of the DN, as well as the directional of the other local maxima of the DN and the second variant of the lateral vent.
- As a rule, pіd UBL rozumіyut vіdnosny rіvіn іbіlї ї bіchnі ї pelyust DN. At straightening antennas, as a rule, the largest after the size of the persha (lay down to the head) is a pelustka.
- Vicorist also middle rib of lateral vibrating(DN is averaged in the sector of cuts of the lateral viprominuvannya), normalization to the maximum of DN.
As a rule, for assessing the level of viability in a straight line “backward” (in a straight line, to the head flap of the DN), the okremium parameter is victorious, and when estimating UBL, viprominuvance is not insured.
Reasons for the decrease in UBL
- In the reception mode of the antenna with low UBL, “zavadosity”, the oscillators are more likely to have a better selection in terms of the space of the cory signal on aphids, noise and shifting, and some kind of roztashovani in the straight lines of the white pellets
- Antenna with low UBL secures the system with greater electromagnetic interference with other radio electronic devices and high-frequency devices
- Antenna with low UBL provides more security to the system.
- In the antenna of the auto-supply system, there is a possibility of pardoning support from the side pads
- Decrease in UBL (when fixing the width of the head flap DN) leading to an increase in the level of the direct line of the head flap of the DN (up to an increase in the KND): the increase of the antenna in the straight line, to the head of the head - an empty waste of energy. However, as a rule, when the dimensions of the antenna are fixed, the decrease in UBL leads to a decrease in the CVP, expansion of the head lobe of the DN and a decrease in the directivity factor.
The payment for the lower UBL is the expansion of the head vent of the DN (with fixed antenna sizes), as well as, as a rule, the folding design of the sub-system and the smaller KKD (for PAR).
Ways to change UBL
The main way to reduce UBL when designing antennas is to choose a larger smooth space, which falls to the edge of the antenna, to change the amplitude of the strum. Mira tsієї "smoothness" - the coefficient of variation of the surface (KVP) of the antenna.
Zinaged Rivnya Okrareich Bіchny Podlyushkoy Mozdliva Torch for Rahukunov Introduced by Vipromyuvachіv Zi SpetsInly Pіdіbrania AmplіTudo Thai Phase Zbujuchiy Struid - Compensation Phaseniki Vipromyuvachіv at the headlights, and Torzhniy Svillani Snіni Truzhni Aperturi (in Aperture Antena).
Until the growth of the UBL, the vede was nerіvnomіrny (vіdmіnniy vіd іdіnііnogo law) expanse rozpodіl phase struma antenna ("phase pardon").
Div. also
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