The main types of graphical information for computers are є. Graphic information

Image raster be stored in points (pixels). The parameters of the skin point (coordinates, intensity, color) are described in the file. Stars - such a great size of files, for revealing raster images, especially since they are characterized by a high sectional building.

Raster format and freeze when:

1. Scanning and processing of graphic images;

2. the main image for the visitor in the other programs, the zokrem for transmission to the other supervisors on the Internet;

3. The development of artistic effects, which can be used by special program filters.

Image raster є a set of mosaic objects, roztasvanih one on one. The skin object of the raster image is located in one of the spheres of the so-called raster pod, which has a straight-cut shape. A raster pidkladka is an analogue of a canvas, and a ball is an analogue of tracing paper.

The ball of the lining can be paid at the sight of a set of small square mid-lengths, the same for the size, in which you can formulate a picture of the image (size object), but it can be stored from mosaic elements (pixels). The size of a pixel is based on a separate building (separate building). Pixel is characterized by its color, and the lowest parameters, the sprouting and the way of replacing the colors when such elements are superimposed on each other.

Vector graphics

The main logical element of vector graphics is a geometric object. Yak ob'єkt accept simple geometric figurines (so called primitive - rectum, colo, elips, linia), warehouses figuri or figuri, prompted from primitives, pouring colors, in that number of gradients.

Small. one.

The redevelopment of the vector graphics of the field is in the fact that the form, color and spaciousness of the storage facilities, can be described with the help of mathematical formulas.

The important thing about vector graphics is the spline. A spline is a central curve, which describes the same geometric figure. The splines are inspired by the funky TryeType and PostScript fonts.

The vector graphics have a lot of perevag. It is economical in terms of disk space, which is necessary for the image to be captured: it is tied to it, so that it is not the image itself that will be acquired, but deprived of the basic data, the vicoristic program that will create the image anew. In addition, the description of the parameters in the color may not be larger than the size of the file.

The vector graphics are easy to transform and modify, which practically infuses the quality of the image. Scale, turn, change can be made to par-tricky elementary re-making over vectors.

In quiet hallways, graphics, more importantly, are more important in preserving clear and clear contours, for example, in font compositions, in stem logos and innhe, vector programs are indispensable.

Small. 2.

Vector graphics can include fragments of raster graphics: a fragment becomes the same object, like all of them (well, the most significant ones in the sample).

An important experience of the vector graphics program є the development of the integration of the images and the text, just one step before them. In addition, the programs of vector graphics are indispensable in the sphere of design, technical painting, for chair-graphic and formalized robots.

However, on the other hand, vector graphics can be built superbly with rough, plywood. It’s right, it’s just framed in purely picturesque ways: in vector graphics programs, it’s practically uncomfortable to create photorealistic images.

In addition, the vector principle of the description of the image does not allow automatization of the entered graphical information, such as the price of a scanner for point graphics.

For an hour, all the larger expansion will be filled with programs of trivial modeling, which will also create vector nature.

Mayuchi vitality methods of development (method of tracing changes, method of viprominuvannya), and the programs allow the creation of photorealistic rasters of images from a new distribution of health.

If you have a vipadku, if you see a graphic, then you will inevitably use a lot of forms - vector and raster. Reasonableness of strengths and weaknesses to allow you to see your robot as efficiently as possible.

Vector graphics describe the images in straight lines and ignorant lines, which are called vectors, as well as parameters that describe the color and design. For example, the image of a tree leaf is described by points that pass the line, flashing the outline of the leaf. The color of the sheet is set by the color of the contour and the area of ​​the middle contour.

When editing vector graphics elements, change the parameters of straight and distinctive lines to describe the shape of these elements. You can transfer the elements, change their size, shape and color, or even not be identified with the quality of visual representation. Vektornaya graf_ka stale for permission, tobto. It can be shown in flexible outbuildings with a separate building without sacrificing quality.

The vector is not shown in the description of the elements of the image by mathematical curves from the values ​​of the colors and the storing (guess, if and how - different figures). Chervoniy elips on a white background of descriptions of all two mathematical formulas - rectangular and ellipses of all kinds of colors, sizes and rosters. Obviously, such a description of a loan is significantly less money, less in the first place. Another re-run is not a scale for any bik. The change in the number of factors in mathematical formulas changes. Unfortunately, the vector format becomes unimaginable for the hour of transferring images with a great number of visuals and other details (for example, photographs). Adzhe kozhen dibny vidblisk in a wide range of vipadku will not be similar to one-colored specks, but rather mathematical formula for the sukupn_styu graphical primitives, leather from which є the formula. Tse to produce up to a stretched file. In addition, the translation of the image from raster to vector format (for example, using the Adobe Strime Line or Corel OCR-TRACE program) should be done on the big side until the last ill-health of the correct scale is satisfied. As a result of the development of line changes, a number of details are available on a single larger area. The price of interlocking is imposed on the separate building of the entrance attachments (scanners, digital cameras, etc.).

Raster graphics

Raster graphs describe the images from the list of color points, called pixels, which are drawn on the site. For example, the image of a tree leaf is described by specific rosetting and color of the skin point of the mesh, which folds the image approximately like a mosaic.

Wait an hour to edit raster graphics You can edit pixels, not lines. Raster graphs are stored in various buildings, information samples, describing the image, attached to the grid of singing size. When editing raster graphics, the quality of the submission can be changed. Zokrema, the change of raster graphics can lead to the "cracking" of the edges of the image, some images of the images can be redrawn on the sitz. Vivedennya raster graphics on the annex with the lower sectional building, below the size of the image itself, to change its quality.

The basis of the raster representation of graphics is the pixel (dot) from the values ​​†‹вЂ‹ of the color. When describing, for example, a red eelp on a white aphid, the color of the skin point yak ellipses is brought into the background. The image is presented at the viglyadі great number points - more, more visually less image and more size to the file. Tobto. one and the same picture can be presented in a shortcut, for example, the highest number of points per one unit - a separate building (call, dots per inch - dpi or pixels per inch - ppi).

In addition, the quality is characterized by another number of colors and types of images, which can be used for the skin point of the image. More images are characterized by a larger number of images, the larger number of images is required in the inventory. Chervoniy can be color number 001, or maybe і - 00000001. This order, which is more important for the image, is a larger file size.

Raster presentation for a photographic type of image with a great number of details or details. It's a pity that the scale of such pictures in a biker will make you laugh. When a few points are changed, other details are destroyed and the writing deforms (however, it might not be so nice when the visual changes of the picture itself are changed - to be spared permissively). The addition of pixels should be made to the point of degradation of the sharpness and brightness of the image, because New points are brought up to date, middle between two houses and large squares, which are between. Extended formats .tif, .gif, .jpg, .png, .bmp, .pcx and ін.

In such a rank, the vibration of the raster or vector format can be found in the goals of the robot and in the images. As the photographic accuracy of the transmission of color is required, then the raster is more beautiful. Logos, diagrams, design elements are best presented in vector format. Zrozumіlo, і in raster і vector filed graphics (like text) to be displayed on the monitor screen, or a drukarsky pristіy at the viewpoints of points. In the Internet, graphics are presented in one of the raster formats, like browsers without installing additional modules- GIF, JPG, PNG.

Without additional plugins (additional), the most popular browsers will be deprived of raster formats - .gif, .jpg and.png (there are still few extensions left). At first glance, victorious vector editors become irrelevant. However, most of these editors will be able to export to .gif or .jpg with permission, as you rob. And the little artists-cobs are simpler than the vector middle-class - if the hand shook and the line went wrong, the element, it’s easy to change. Before the hour of painting in raster mode You may not be able to properly display the background.

Through the description of the peculiarity of the image, for the skin type, the vicoristovuvati okremiy is brought graphic editor- raster chi vector. Zrozumіlo, they have є spіlnі rice - the ability to display and change files in different formats, to display tools with the same names (old, pen thin) or functions (visualization, changeover, scale) the processes of painting and editing of the development and zooming in with the nature in a specific format. So, even if in raster editors talk about the vision of an object, then it’s impossible to say that the points of the foldable form will be important. The process of seeing is often done by hard work and copyright work. When such a vision is changed, "dirka" appears. In the vector editor, the object represents the supremacy of graphic primitives and their vision to vibrate with a bear of leather from newbies. And as soon as the primitive bullets are grouped with a separate command, it is enough to “click” once at the point of the grouped object. Change of the seen object naked lower elements.

Protect the tendency to close. There are a large number of modern vector editors in the building that can be used to display raster images, otherwise they can be converted into the vector format of a part of the image using special methods (routing). Moreover, you want to make a call є to edit the locked background image, you want it to be on the same level as the background image will get started. The 8th version of Illustrator "is great to use. Photoshop psd files" In addition, for the registration of a quiet filter, it can be done without the need to reposition the formed vector image into a raster format, and further away, there is a copy of a raster element, but it cannot be redrawn. Moreover, all of them are very explicit converters from vector format to bitmaps from the image file.

Deyaki raster editors building vantage one z vector formats(wmf) yak von, or immediately translate them into raster with the possibility of a front-end editing.

Під graphical information little babies appear, armchair, photograph, picture in the bottom, images on the TV screen, etc. butt Images on the TV screen. The price of the image is based on the number of horizontal lines. And the skin row at its store is stored with the elementary other units of the image - the points that are called picselami (picsel-PICture'SElement- picture element). The whole array of elements of the image is called raster (Lat. Rastrum-rake). Reading step The image should be stored in a number of rows for the entire screen and a number of points in a row, which represent distribution of health for ekran, it’s just Dozvіl .

Monochrome image - an image that can be built from two contrasting colors - black and white, green and white, brown and white thin. bud. The skin pixel of the image can be either one or one color. By placing a double code "0" for the first color, and the code "1" for the other (or navpaki), you can encode in one bit the mill of one pixel of a monochrome image.

However, in such a rank, the image will be overwhelmingly contrasting. Really, for example, black-and-white images are not stored only from white and black colors. At the same time, there are no small industrial types - gray, light-gray, dark-gray and so on.

Let's take it out of the way, so that realistic monochrome images can be used to code the frame of one pixel for the addition of one byte, as it will allow transferring 256 new images in the same color from the old one to the black one.

Colorado image can be formulated in a small way. One of them - method RGB (from the words Red, Green, Blue - red, green, blue), which spirals onto those that are spryymaє all colors are the sum of the three main colors - red, green and blue. To remove the color pixel, in the same place the screen goes not one, but three color exchanges at once. One bit is enough for the skin coloration. "0" in bit means, but in the summarized color, the main is visible, and "1" - presence. Otzhe, for the coding of one color pixel, 3 bits are required. With such a scheme of coding, there can be one of 8 possible colors. As soon as the skin is from the color of the code behind the addition of one byte, then the possibility of transferring 256 views of the skin from the main color appears. And all in all, the transfer of small colors 256 X 256 X 256 = 16777216 will be taken care of, so it will come close to the real sensitivity of the human eye. Tsei way of presenting color graphics is accepted by the mode True Color (truecolor - true color) abo with color mode .

Use the color coded image modes. The stench vimagayut rich memory. With the help of the economy of memory, different modes and graphical formats can be broken down, like the colors are better to convey the color, but they are less memory-wise. Zokrem, mode High Color (highcolor - large color), for each transfer of the color of one pixel, 16 bits are victorious, and 65535 number of views can be transferred.

When recording an image on a computer riddle, it is necessary to have a lot of additional information about the points around the circle - the size of the little one, the brightness of the points is too small. bud. A specific way of coding all necessary for an hour to record an image and information is set in a graphical format. Formatting the code of graphic information, based on the transfer of the color of the skin area, the image is stored in, transfer to the group raster abo BitMap format_v (bitmap - bitmap). Nybilsh in raster formats є BMP ,GIF і Jpeg formats.

Raster graphic maє suttєve shortly - the image, encoded in one of the raster formats, can be scaled even worse. Tom got rid of the methods vector graphics ... The vector graph has a basic object є line ... At the same time, the images are shaped in a mathematical, vector-based way around the edges of the straight lines, as well as the geometric shapes of the straight lines, the cut, etc., which can be rejected from them.

Klas: 11

Presentation before lesson

Back forward

Uwaga! The foreground re-glance of the slides is displayed on a random basis in order to learn more about all the possibilities of the presentation. Yaksho zaz_kavila you given to the robot, be a weasel, add a new version.

Cycles:

coverage:

• Publication of knowledge on the distribution "Submission of graphic information in computers" from the storage for the publication of the A15 building from ADI from computer science,
• Learn about color setting models.

expanding: development of misleading, respect, memory, yavu

vikhovna: formulate a character of an independent robot, interest in the subject.

Zavdaniya lesson:

• to update the knowledge of scientists about those who also looked at computer graphics and what kind of computer graphics scientists looked at in the basic course of computer science;
• zgadati, scho also pixel, raster, for the help of some basic colors, enter the color of the speck on the monitor screen;
• repeat the rules of presenting tributes at the computer;
• from'yasuvati of some parameters to lay down the quality of the image on the monitor screen (separate the image on the screen, the glybin color of the pixel);
• to introduce the formula for the knowledge of the video images on the graphic image;
• rozibrati ways to revise the project from ADI on a tsyu topic (A15);
• development of self-styled robots.

Lesson type: lesson in public knowledge and education of new materials from information technologies.

Lesson form: combined.

Methods of navchannya: explanatory-demonstration, practical.

Complex-methodical treatment:

• Interactive board;
• presentation "Presentation of graphic information in computers";
• pidruchnik N. D. Ugrinovich for 10-11 grades (p. 7.1, p. 304), for 10 grades. (P. 1.2, z 36);
• flash videos from a single collection of digital lighting resources: "Model - RGB", "Model - CMYK";
• distribution material for robots with a color model;
• cards for independent robots.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment (1 min).
2. Statement of the lesson (2 minutes).
3. Reconstruction of the home staff (1 min.)
4. Repetition of the passed material (10 min)
5. New theme(7 min.)
6. A practical robot per pc (4 min.)
7. Rozbir zavdan z ЄDI on qiu topic (8 min)
8. Self-operation of the robot scientists (5 min).
9. Pidbittya pidsumkiv (1 min).
10. Д / З (1 хв).

Go to lesson

1. Organizational moment (1 min.)

2. Statement of the lesson (2 minutes)

In the past lessons, we talked about the coding of numerical and textual information at the memory of a computer. Today we are discussing the methods of computer coding of graphic information (Dodatok 1).

Since the 80s, processing technology has been intensively developed on computers of graphic information. By day , graphic processing є so it is, like numerical and textual information, processing of numerical tributes.

From the basic course in informatics, I know the principles of computer graphics, with graphic technologies. Presentations are available on a yearly basis. I pick up a copy of the factory, for those who want to know about the coding of graphic information in the memory of the computer. Such a zavdannya is set up in ADI (A15).

Write down a topic for a lesson (learn to write down a topic for a lesson in a zoshit).

3. Reconstruction of the home staff. (1 min.)

Spill your eyes, let your heart become an eye

Hello, my friend! (shift)

4. Repetition of the material covered (10 minutes)

First and foremost, let’s guess, we know from the basic course in informatics about computer graphics.

Power up to class:

(Children are supplied with power supplied by the reader)

How to call it a computer graph?

(Technology of stemming and processing of graphic images by means of calculating technology.)

How do you see the computer graphics you know and why is it special?

(Raster and vector graphics).

• Raster graphics- the technology of the stem of the graphical object at many points (pixels), the information about the color of the skin pixel on the screen.
• Vector graphics- technology of image stemming in graphic primitives (straight, oval, rectangular)

How can I find the data in the computer?

The memory of the computer is saved from the two-sided viewer, tobto. at viglyadі lantsyuzhkіv 1 and 0 (dvіykov system of numbers).

The donation of the tribute from the computer is discrete.

How can we say that the image on the monitor screen is discrete?

In the process of coding the image on a computer, it vibrates its space of discretization, that is, the image breaks into small fragments, and the skin element is assigned the value of the th color, that is, the code.

What is the name of the most important elements, how can the image be broken on the monitor screen?

Graphic information on the monitor screen is presented in the form of a raster image, as it is formed from a singular number of rows, so that at its own hand there is a singing number of points (pixels).

What are the parameters to store the quality of the image on the monitor?

The quality of the image code can be found in two parameters:

1... The quality of the image code smaller point size and approximate more points to become the image. Number of points on the screen are called separate building of the monitor... Regularly from the sizes of the monitor, there are different types of buildings: 1024x768, 1280x1024, ...

2. The color of the image is stored with a double code of the color of the skin point, so that it can be displayed as video images. Talk about glybin color- a whole lot of memory in a number of bits, so that you can use it to save and be presented to a color when one pixel of raster graphics is encoded. Sukupn_st kolorіv, scho vikoristovy in a set, approve palіtru kolorіv.)

For the help of which basic colors, to enter the color of specks on the screen?

5. New theme (10 min.)

Be-like the color of the point on the computer screen triokh basic colors: red, green, blue.

This model is called RGB.

Basic colors:

• 1 - the presence of the base color in RGB systems
• 0 - the visibility of the base color in RGB systems

Napryklad, 100 - presence of only chervoniy kolіr

Color model RGB (At the skin specialist) (Dodatok 2).

How many colors can you make in such a way?

Do not sleep with the message.

Slide 9

Review video

The RGB model is used for TV cameras, monitors, projectors, scanners, digital cameras. (Dodatok 3).

For the formation of the image on the porch vikoristovuetsya іnsha model - CMYK (Dodatok 4), (Dodatok 4.1).

Slide 10-11

6. A practical robot for a PC (5 min.)

Pereglyad yak pratsyuє RGB ​​model

Slide 12-14

Introduce the formula (vikoristovuyu head formula of informatics) value of the number of colors on the panel

N-number of colors;

i - number of bits per pixel (glybin color)

How do you see the video messages on the graphic? What are the gifts of the mother's request?

(The initial number of pixels and glybin coloru, so the number of bits per 1 pixel)

Introduce the formula for the knowledge of the video messages on the graphic image, if you accept:

M - memory exchange for all images;

K - number of pixels;

i- number bit for 1 pixel.

7. Razbir zavdan z ЄDI on qiu theme (8 min)

Sprobuєmo virishiti kilka zavdan (Dodatok 5).

(Zavdannya virіshuyut s nourishment, scho to direct, to scholars, to be impressed by the study of the visibility of his thoughts on the way of seeing the skin from the plant.)

Slide 16-17

Zavdannya number 1.

The building size of the monitor screen is 1024 x 768 pixels, the glybin color is 16 bit. What are the necessary video messages for the whole graphical mode?

3) 4 KBytes

4) 1.5 MB

Decision:

1) We know the number of pics

1024 * 768 = 786432 (pixel)

2) The depth of the color is 16 bits, the same, for 1 pixel - 2 bytes

3) It is known that there is a lot of video messages

786432 * 2 = 1572864 (bytes)

4) Transferred from more units to vimir

1572864 bytes = 1.5 MB

View: 4

Zavdannya number 2.

For the sake of raster images with a size of 128 x 128 pixels, we have introduced 4 different memories. What is the maximum number of colors on the image panel?

1) 8 2)2 3) 16 4) 4

Slide 19-22

Zavdannya number 3.

To code the background of the Internet side, the attribute bgcolor = “# XXXXXX” is set, and sixteen values ​​of the intensity of the number components in the 24-bit RGB-model are set in the paws. Yaky kolіr bude on the side, set by the tag

?

1) Chervoniy

3) Greens

4) Fioletoviy

(Before making decisions, try to enter the theoretical material)

When describing web pages in HTML, it is possible to describe the colors in the form of a 16-digit number, which can be stored in exactly 6 digits. For the skin color of the RGB model, two numbers are entered. The contribution of the skin base color, the consistency "XXXXXX" dіlat into 3 groups.

XX XX XX = RR GG BB

FF 16 = 255 10 which means the maximum color brightness.

Korisno zapam'yatati:

#FFFFFF - bilium # 00FF00 - greens

# 000000 - black # 0000FF - blue

# FF0000 - chervonia #CCCCCC - syriy

1) Flexible recording in three groups and can be recorded in the RGB warehouse models:

00 FF 00 = RR GG BB

2) FF (maximum color color) when the color is green, then the background of the side is green.

8. Self-control of robot scientists (5 min).

1. What kind of memory is needed to see the image of a raster image with a size of 64 x 64 pixels, if there are 16 colors on the image panel?

1) 2048 bytes 2) 2 Kbytes 3) 64 bytes 4) 4096 bytes

2. To code the background of the Internet side, the attribute bgcolor = "# XXXXXX" is set, and sixteen values ​​of the intensity of the number components in the 24-bit RGB model are set in the paws. Yaky kolіr bude on the side, set by the tag ?

1) Chervoniy 2) black 3) greens 4) violet

9. Pidbitty pidsumkiv (1 min).