What kind of gas in daylight lamps. Fluorescent lamps

For rich people, let those who fluorescent lamps make rich variety. The stench can be used for any kind of illumination: for the shinish one, and for the illumination in the middle of the booth. Characteristics of light bulbs also vary.

What is it that they are called?

Fluorescent lamps are often called daylight lamps because of the nature of the building they vibrate purer whiter light, close to natural. The stinks are blown away from the cracks of various kinds for the rahunok of another lighting mechanism. If fluorescent lamps weren't popular for a long time, the oscillating spectrum of lightening was too miserable: they were either white-green or white-erysipelas. However, those who were able to create lamps of various forms were a significant priority. Unexpectedly, the novelty was appreciated by designers, who added light for additional fluorescent lamps of non-standard configurations and all the details. So the lamps mіtsno vіyshli in uzhitok.

Varto trohi of the report sings on robotic lamps. The stench shines brightly to the fact that an electric discharge in mercury vapor at the bulb creates ultraviolet, with which far away the phosphor reacts - special coating on the walls of the bulb. Vіn converts UV-viprominuvannya to the visible eye of the spectrum of light. For the equal amount of light, fluorescent lamps are few for light ones. Lumen in LED lamps do not always closely correlate with darkness, and the same can be said about luminescent daylight. Do not stray the lumens with the suites: the first ones show the light output of the light bulb, and the others show the level of illumination of the room.

For daylight lamps, different socles are used: compact fluorescent bulbs can be bought to replace the glowing light bulbs. Moreover, the models with the luminophore are brighter, the stench saves less electricity, and also less shkidli for the health of the eyes. The main small amount of luminescent tubes is light and shkidlivist (as the bulb is cracked, then inhalation of mercury vapor can be very harmful to the human body). Another shortcoming is the impossibility of turning on the lamp at low temperatures, so it just won't turn on.

See that teepee

Luminescent lamps are replaced by clerks. One of them is rozmir. There are compact models and large ones. Compact lights are often chosen as an alternative to the great lighting lamps in the chandeliers. Їx to be equipped with a screw base. Great models are usually inserted into the lamps, specially designed for them. Lamps come in different shapes: long linear, tubular, figured. The second widest change, for example, is a round lamp shaped like a candle.

The model is ready for further marking - light temperature reading.

According to the temperature, the lights are divided as follows:

• LD - daylight lamp;
• LHB - lamp of cold white light;
• LB - lamp of neutral white light;
• LTB - warm white light lamp;

• LE - lamp of natural light;
• LK, LSH, LZ, LG, LZ - red, yellow, green, black, blue;
• LUV - ultraviolet lamps, which are used for disinfection purposes.

The color lamp is wider. It is most likely to choose a street lamp, which allows the use of fluorescent light bulbs. At the end of the day, the plafonds are vicorous, which create a favorable microclimate for robotic and luminescent models. For public mortgages on kshtalt likaren, administrative centers, it is customary to buy luminescent lamps. Single-lamp, double-lamp, chotyri-lamp models are disassembled in the fallow area in the area of ​​the plant, which is illuminated. Varto means that through the special features of the work of the lamps, it is not possible to install a dimer to them to regulate the intensity of the brightness of the light.

Another popular model is luminescent energy saving. It will vibrate from a large number of curved spirals and ring out a compact look and a screw base. On the be-yakіy energy-saving light bulbs, write about the principle of її work. Wrath, that in the case of luminescent variants of the varto, it is better to overcome the lesser options, so that at the time of the depressurization of the flask, the health will be given the source of harm.

In general, there are different options for high and low grip. The first type of vikoristovuetsya for the creation of street lighting, and the other - for the illumination of living rooms in the house.

Specifications

It is possible to recognize the attachments of those other models, marveling at their marking. Vaughn v_dbivaє all the characteristics of the lamp. An important characteristicє glow temperature. A report about this aspect was given in the front section. For changing the diameter of the flask, it is 1/8 inch compliant with International Standards. For the hour of marking, the letter T is put, for example, T8 (25.4 mm). Reveal the respect that the comrade's lamps impinge on those who will serve for a long time: the models are wider in diameter, richer for thin sashes.

About socles and their number can also be identified from the marking of the lamp.

Stop so see roses and socles:

• G24Q1;
• G24Q2;
• G24Q3;

In order to determine the voltage of the measure, simply look at the lamp. The fluorescent lamp can be connected without intermediary up to a voltage of 220 volts, or it may be necessary to reduce the voltage to 127 V.

The configuration of the form is entered at the indicated lamps. Crim of standard meanings є і dodatkovі.

To lie down to the standard:

• The linear form cannot be recognized;
• U - pidkovopodibna form;
• S - spiral shape, which sounds like a stasis with compact lamps;
• C - candle lamp;
• G is the shape of a sphere;
• R - in the form of a splendid heating lamp with a reflector, which directly sets the light flow;
• T - light bulb.

To the additional values, you can add the following:

• M - small. The letter Ide after tієї, as it denotes the shape, for example, TM is a compact light bulb of a round flat shape.
• P - body, which is bright.

Far from all the characteristics have been refurbished, so that the leather maker needs to bring his own into the design of fluorescent light bulbs. But, however, such important indications, like the dimness, dimming the lamps and the principle of their work, and at the overhauled points I wanted to make a report.

The need

The marking of sweating is followed by the additional letter W with an offensive number, which indicates the number of watts at the bulb. However, focusing only on tightness is not a trace: in the case of fluorescent lamps, light means more. Below is a table showing the intensity of the pressure of fluorescent lamps and heating lamps at equal light output.

The greater the dimness of the lamp, the greater the shirsha or the dove. For example, a linear design for tension 18W with a diameter of 26 mm becomes 590 mm, at 30W - 895 mm, at 36 W - 1200 mm, and at 58W - 1500 mm. The table clearly demonstrates the great economy of day light fixtures in pairs with traditional lamps. Classification of tension was carried out according to the most common choice. These include models of both outdoor and indoor lighting.

There are even more nuances, like the tightness of energy-saving lamps. Independently in the form of a luminescent model, it is possible to spend a part of the brightness of the light. Tse s stepovymi vigoryanni element in the middle. It is necessary to know about those that 30% of everything that is relieved during work pressure falls on those that the lamp has blown. Deyakі lamps are equipped with a special start-up system, as if not to break their economy. At the time, the electricity supply is simply expanding at the hour.

Regardless of the intensity of the lamp, it does not heat up much. At the sight of lamps, heating, between heating the luminescent version - 50-60 degrees Celsius. It is practically impossible to turn on a lamp without a mitten, to take off the opik. Well, not a lot of current models of light bulbs can boast of such authoritative powers.

Rosemary

As it was said earlier, they distinguish compact models or standard linear ones great size. In this hour, compact fluorescent lamps are more often victorious, so it would be logical to report on them. Compact eyes with light bulbs with a curved tube. Traplyayutsya like U-like, so i spiral models. Compact options are prepared for different types of socles, which open up a wide space for replacing high-quality lamps with energy-saving fluorescent ones.

Є models with screw bases, and only for special luminescent lamps. Varto means that the models with a screw base are expensive, the shards of all fluorescent lamps affect the visibility of the ballast, and in similar models of wines they penetrate directly into the base case.

Compact energy-saving lamps of the day light are ventilated like heating lamps with the following characteristics:

• Energy-saving models fade 80% less than electrical energy for such a light output that the lamps are ignited;
• Є the possibility to choose the model of the city light temperature;
• As a rule, the term "compact luminescent model" means higher, lower than the heating lamps. Traditional tungsten light bulbs serve close to 1000 years, at that hour, as a replacement for luminescent, it can last 6000-15000 years without replacement;
• Zavdyaki dovgovіchnosti models of the daylight at a glance that pіdtrimannya їh at the working camp Ide rich in less than an hour, the strength of that pennies.

Linear great models are most often vicorated for lighting in non-residential premises, for example, in warehouses. Due to the high coefficient of pulsation, which is equal to the undermounted indicator of pulsation, electric lines cannot be installed for lighting conveyors that are collapsing, without additional, more stable heating lamps.

Robotic principle

Through a special budovu lamp for long-term robots, the shoes are ballasted, which allows you to negate the negative effects of what is passed through the lamp. great number struma. The ballasts are electro-magnetic and electronic. Electromagnetic ballast is more cheap and simple in design. However given model may be low serious shortcomings. The most important of them are those that lamps with such a ballast flicker strongly and often. Tse vede to shvidkoї vtomi, put in your strength, and also increase the effort to work on your eyes for an hour of work in the presence of such lighting.

In addition to the whole variant with an electromagnetic ballast, to make an unacceptable noise, to jiggle, in the presence of some kind of head storm. Є th nedolіki, not pov'yazanі іz samoochutty people. For example, lamps equipped with an electromagnetic ballast will take an hour to start. Sound out loud in the range of 1-3 seconds, but in the world the model will be worn out. Also, the luminaires use more electricity, the same models on the electronic ballast.

The electronic ballast transforms the standard voltage of the wire at the high-frequency light strum, which vibrates far away for the life of the lamp. Such models are a little more expensive, but the stench does not vibrate to noise, does not freeze, the ballast itself takes less space and is less important. Zustrichayutsya models, like mittevo spalahuyut, prote similar to the start-up system is badly indicated in terms of the service of fluorescent lamps. It's a little shorter, but it's a forward heating system. At this time, the launch takes about one second, as it does not play a special role.

In this way, it is best to choose a model with an electronic ballast, the shards and variability are not rich, but the advantages are obvious. Moreover, on this day, this option is more common, lower with an electromagnetic ballast, it is not to blame for the problems with jokes.

What brands are made?

On this day, a lot of virobniks let out light bulbs. Є models of both Russian and foreign manufacturing. Below is a small number of firms, yakі mayut great dovіru middle spozhivachіv.

• GE- A firm founded by Thomas Edison. For some time now General Electric has specialized only in the manufacture of heating lamps, but at the same time it is one of the oldest and most advanced light brands.

• Orsam- one more brand of light-filled names, which vibrates the difference between the lighting, repairing the options for cars and ending with grandiose lighting events for the masses.

• Phillips promote luminescent models high capacity and completing them. Lamps are produced in different sizes: tubular and compact. See the socles differently, as they go up to the special lamps, and to the great ones.

• Lisma- Ce firm-leader in the manufacture of lamps in Russia. The company promotes the high quality and all the details before them. The advantage is a great selection of models.

• Sylvania specializes not on simple lamps, but on good-natured ones to the point of being in the middle. As you can see, birds are already sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, so for rooms, in which stench, it is necessary to choose special models. Similar options are still available under this brand.

• RUVP "Vityaz" lets out the average for the same products, which can have a democratic price. A lot of people give priority to the lamps of the company itself through the art.

• Tomsk Electric Lamp Plant has been manufacturing lamps since 2009, having already won a reputation among the koristuvachs. Products can add price and quality.

In a word, choose why. You can pick up a similar model for any taste and gamanets.

How to choose?

When choosing luminescent models, it is necessary to focus on a wide range of factors. Acts from them were already brought to these statutes. The lamp may have been let out by an overturned virobnik. Filthy zroblenі options in times of sealing are unsafe for health. Don’t buy a Chinese drink, don’t use the shards for a long time, that mercury bet is not needed by anyone.

Focus on those for which purposes a daylight lamp is needed.Є special options for accommodation, streets, medical mortgages. Luminescent variants of vicorist are everywhere, including for the support of the post-lightening at the apartments or for the morning of the creatures. In the rest of the year, the varto is especially respectful to consider before choosing the option, the wines are obligatory for these purposes, otherwise you will only harm the animals. Do not forget about the optimal light temperature. The most comfortable for the eyes is the natural white color. Combining different-colored models, try choosing the same colors.

Give respect to the type of ballast. Best of all, the superiority of the electronic one, the shards of such lamps have proven to be better.

Wonder how the lamp works. Vaughn can mother on the vbudovaniya vbudovaniya starter or yogo presence at the lamp.

Є models of such types:

• RS - rapid start - do not force the starter and ignite without forward heating of the elements.
• InS - instant start - models with incremental start "delay" when turned on for 1-3 seconds, but serve shorter.
• US - universal start - universal options.
• PHs - pre-heat start - fluorescent lamps that affect the presence of the starter.

Models that do not allow for such marking, deviate from the language of the starter. So, the lamp itself is so vlashtovana.

How to revise the correctness?

In order to check whether a fluorescent light bulb is in harmony with the adventitious station, we should conduct a small test:

• Remove the lamp itself from the back of the head without the middle of the lamp and marvel that the tube has not blackened. As a rule, the appearance of the great black flames speaks of those that the lamp used the old term and no longer slept.
• Then, with a multimeter, you need to check the voltage of the threads. For reverification, put yoga in the reverification mode, support and turn the leather threads with a handwriting tester. As if one of them burned out, the value on the multimeter is more than one. Let's forgive my tse means that the electric lance is broken.
• If it is insulting to put the factors in order, it means that it is necessary to repair the ballast.

The simplest thing you can do to recalibrate the robotic ballast is to remove the fluorescent tube, connect the cables to the body and install a standard light bulb between them. It’s impossible to take into account the fact that it’s impossible to use an electric appliance at a fence without a light bulb, otherwise the ballast can burn out. As if the light bulb has blown, it means that the ballast is working, and on the right in the luminescent tube itself: maybe the bulb has burst, or one of the threads has burned out. If the light bulb didn’t burn out, it means that the ballast is wrong, and the whole lamp could be changed.

These methods are only suitable for rechecking light bulbs, which are already being rebuilt in operation. Before buying a day light lamp, check it at the store. For the presence of an unacceptable smell, a strong merehtinny or other speeches that call for alertness, you can boldly ask to replace the model given to you, otherwise it may burn out after a few days after the purchase.

How to connect?

You can connect one or two fluorescent lamps at the same time. For the dermal route, a separate connection scheme has been developed. Look at the diagram. It shows how and how the mechanisms work one by one for the right work. For the spadix, the strum from the mesh comes near the choke, de transforming itself into a farther living lamp. After that, as a strum nadіyshov at the lamp itself, switch to the starter. Dali strum to switch to the next coil of the bulb, flashing the lance, and in this way the electric discharge of the middle lamp is established, which fires the vapor of mercury.

For two lamps, the principle of operation is practically the same, with the exception of the fact that the strum from the throttle is gradually flowing through two starters.

To connect the lamp, click on the instructions below:

• For the cob, it is necessary to pick up a second lamp. Give respect not only to the aesthetic warehouse, but also to those who give the voltage to your booth, ordered on the lamp. Otherwise, it won't be too bad.
• Depending on what type of lamp is chosen, either screw it into the cartridge, or fix it at the lamp for an additional clatter from two sides. At another point, follow them, to fix your option as it is indicated on the body of the lamp. It is necessary to lay down the lamp itself, depending on how correctly all the contacts were connected when connected.
• Reverse the correctness of the lamp, raising it. With the right robot, it will not merehtitime but noise.

As you can see, the independent connection of the lamp light is not a special folding for a novice. Naygolovnіshe - remember about the elementary safety rules: do not work with bare wires, if the mechanism is in the jet supply mode.

How to change?

A lot of people are aware of the folds of time, so that they can independently remember the lamp of daylight for a new one through those who cannot understand how far the model from the case that burned out. Luckily, there is nothing foldable in anything.

• Vimknіt life. Bazhano not only make the light itself brighter, but also make the apartment more bright.
• Having taken hold of the lamp, start wrapping її. Bring the wrap up to the stop, at the same time turn it to about 90 degrees. So you will burn the pins of the lamp at a vertical position.
• They gave me a gentle pull on the lamp on myself and down, the docks were not visible for the most part. Let the dismantled dzherelo light in a safe place, so that it doesn’t break: remember, mercury steam is not safe for your health and that life!
• Carefully install a new light bulb. Repeat the trajectory, along the way you pulled the lamp, less at the gate straight. Having reached the grooves, begin gently twisting the tube until it is fixed again. The strength of the fastening of a light bulb can be distorted by pulling a troch for it.
• Perverte, chi prilad pratsyuє. For whom to increase the strum at the apartment and click vimikachem.

You can declare with confidence that the replacement of the lamp is even simpler, and for the sake of її vikonaє be it. Do not forget to use a dagger, as you see the installation of a lamp on a stele. So you will make your work easier, at the same time reducing the possibility of letting out a faulty fluorescent lamp and breaking it. When replacing lamps in the office, de panels of several lamps, sound protected with a matte fold, wipe the lamp in the middle. Unbeknownst to you, if you still have the ability to clean your saw, then you will hardly want to do all the manipulations especially for your work.

Service term and disposal

Luminescent lamps are one of the found service terms for today. Some manufacturers declare that their models are suitable for uninterrupted work with a run of 20,000 years. Similar figures cannot help but contradict, but the average value of operation of similar options is 13,000 years. Models that can be a trivaly operational term are good for office applications, in which there is no possibility to replace one lamp with another. Varto indicates that the tubular models sound better than the figures. The same rule applies to the diameter of the lamps: more models can be used longer, lower thin.

As you can see, in the middle of the flask there is a vapor of mercury, through which the utilization of lamps may be required for special technology. Behind the cordon, fines have long been established for thoughtlessly driving with similar equipment through great harm to the environment, as the manager of utilization. Absolutely on all fluorescent lamps there is a warning about those that cannot be simply thrown into the cebro. Mercury є blast speech and with a vipadkovy rozkoluvannі lamps її bet for a long time to be lost in the wind, not to fall anywhere and open space. It's a pity that Russia has few people who deal with this problem.

The whole world has been talking for a long time about the economy of electricity and for the whole world to buy expensive energy-saving lamps. However, now there are 50 alternatives to lighting lamps, a way of lighting. Ce lighting with fluorescent lamps. The truth of nutrition of їхної utilization and eco-safety overwhelms impersonal nutrition.

Fluorescent lamps: description and attachments

fluorescent lamps, old-fashioned look, are a glass flask, different forms, white color with plug-in contacts to wash at the edges.

Conclusion: The first fluorescent lamps were created in Russia in 1936-40 by a group under the ceramics of Vavilov S.I.

The shape of luminescent lamps can be seen as a shear (tube), torus or spirals. When virobnitstvі z flask lamps pump again and pump inert gas. The very behavior of the inert gas under the action of the electrician is brought up to the glow of the lamp, creating streams of cold or warm light, as it is customary to call "daytime". Zvіdsi friend named tsikh lamps, lamp svetla.

The lamp could not shine, as there was no phosphor applied to the bulb from the inner side, and there was no mercury in the lamp itself.

Mercury itself has become this official, which is the type of lamps that is brought out of the market. The danger of mercury pollution at the hour of breaking the lamps calls for a rich supply of food and ecology in the world.

How to use a fluorescent lamp

The inert gas at the lamp is needed for the creation of a smoldering discharge (the flow of ionized particles of the inert gas). Mercury is needed for a stronger category. Luminophore is a necessary transformation of ultraviolet light, in light of the visible spectrum. Electricity is required for connecting the lamp to the electrical circuit and the creation of an electronic discharge.

When the voltage is applied to the contacts of the lamp, the electrodes in the middle of the bulb begin to let out the electrons, as they move along the bulb, they begin to create a discharge. However, for normal circuit parameters, the struma is not strong enough to create a discharge. Therefore, the circuit for connecting a fluorescent lamp will turn on the attachment, which creates a one-time electrical discharge to start the light.

This attachment is called a starter photo. Yogo zavdannya when supplying electricity for a short time, increase the power of the stream 3-4 times.

To ensure the launch of that robotic (luminous) fluorescent lamp (group of lamps), another attachment, rank of throttle, is required. This name is actually outdated, but it is actively vindicated.

The correct name for the throttle is ballast (ballast). Today, the name throttle (PRA) was changed to EmPRA and EPRA.

• EmPRA: electromagnetic start-regulating device;
• EPRA: electronic start-regulating device (electronic ballast).

The ballast ignites the lamp more quickly, does not hum during operation and regulates the start with a decrease in voltage. Like an old throttle, in fact, an important electromagnetic coil, then the current EPR is more compact to build a thin outbuilding.

Types of fluorescent lamps

Modern fluorescent lamps vary by:

• Standard (phosphor per ball);
• With a shortened light transmission (phosphor for three or five balls);
• Special (luminophor with special additives: bactericidal, UV zasmag, show business).

According to the spectrum of illumination, LL are subdivided into:

• Soft light lamps: t = 2.7 1000 gr.;
• Denne light: (2.7 - 4.2) × 1000 gr.;
• Cold light: (4.2 - 6.4) × 100 gr.

Signature name:

• D - day;
• HB - cold white;
• B - white;
• TB - warm white;
• E - natural white;
• K, F, 3, G, C - colors;
• UV - ultraviolet;
• C-reduced light transmission;
• CC - the light transmission has been improved.

Leave the letters in the marking of the lamps, which indicate the design features:

• R - reflector,
• U - in the form of the letter U,
• K - ring,
• A - amalgama (mercury alloy),
• B - quick start.
• TL - glowing discharge.

Marking of imported lamps

Marking of imported lamps of the companies Fhilips, Osram, General Electric is marveling at the photo.

Connecting fluorescent lamps

To complete, I will show three schemes for a simple connection of fluorescent lamps to a fluorescent lamp for one or two lamps.

The luminescent lamps of the day light came to replace the less efficient analogues, the heating lamps. The stench is characterized by a small number of pluses, as they can survive the nedolіki. Looking back at the equally small number of such illuminating elements today, it is necessary to do it widely.

Principle dії ta budova

The function of the lamp light according to the principle of the phenomenon of luminescence. For which internal walls of the flask may be covered with a phosphor. This is a special speech, as if the ultraviolet light is fading and you can see the visible light of the eye. It should be noted that UV-viation is produced through the passage of an electric charge through a gas-filled flask (inert gas, mercury vapour).

The main structural elements: a bulb, the middle of which is an electrode; base for quantity 1 or 2 pcs. fallow v_d vikonannya lamps; starting device. The rest of the names of the elements can be remembered as guilty.

More new and thorough option - electronic ballast, ale luminescent dzherela day light of a linear type these days are often equipped with vined electromagnetic ballast.

Attach that connection scheme

To the warehouse of the ballast, enter the throttle and the starter. The leader of the first of the names of the hubs is the reduction of the power of the struma to the required value, and the starter is superior for the quick heating of the electrodes, which means that the lamp is sooner spratsovuvannya.

Scheme of turning on the light of the new models (T 5 or T8):

The process of including the lighting element is ensured for the additional implementation of the main stages:

• heating of electrodes;
• the process of priming, for which a high-voltage impulse is needed;
• stabilization of the voltage, which is why the normal and gentle operation of the lighting element is ensured.

In addition, modern fluorescent lamps are protected from burnout, which allows you to avoid the need to frequently replace the light bulb.

What do you see?

Razrіznyayut kіlka rіznоvidіv, vіdmіnіh kolby form:

1. linear (straight) vikonannya;
2. Kiltsev;
3. U-like.

The luminescent dzherela of the day light is streaked in different variations, which are behind the ancient viroba. You can also use a flask 450, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 mm. It is noteworthy that the value of this parameter can be used to determine the intensity of the lamp.

Tse means, between the designated characteristics, direct fallowness is determined. The greater the dovzhina, the greater the magnitude of the created ambition. For example, a 450 mm long slab is characterized by an intensity of 15 W, and a design of 900 mm is characterized by an intensity of 30 W.

The luminescent lamps of the day light are represented by different wicks, which are ventilated by the diameter of the flask:

The known encryptions are measured in inches (for example, diameter 4/8 T4). Another special feature is that the linear lamps are equipped with a pinned type of dimming in a single variant - G13. The marked plinth has information about the gap between the pins (13 mm). Obviously, when choosing lamps, it is necessary to protect this aspect.

The concept of "daylight bulbs" will be based on the main characteristic - the color temperature of the sample. So, denmarks of a number of lighting elements are characterized by a light temperature between 5,000 and 6,500 K.

Main technical characteristics

Evaluation of the efficiency of the work of lighting elements of this kind is based on the performance of their parameters for those minds, for which operation is planned. Fluorescent lamps are equipped with the following characteristics:

1. Appointment virobu. Denne lightly signifies the letter D.
2. Colby diameter. This parameter contributes to the valority of the robot: the more important it is, the more it will function.
3. Significance of sweating, which is why the possibility of a light bulb to light up the need for a house is indicated. If it is equal to the heating lamp, then the analogue, which can be seen, saves up to 80% of the energy of the fire with a low level of tension.
4. Plinth type. At the line victories, the G13 will stop.
5. The voltage was life-threatening. Renewal of fluorescent lamps, which are insured for 220 hours 127 Art.
6. Colby shape.
7. color temperature. The fallow type of the lighting element can be characterized by a temperature between 5000 K and higher.
8. Color index - shows how much light is needed.
9. Tube diameter.
10. Svіtlovy potіk virobu.

Classification and characteristics of various varieties

As you can see, to finish the characteristics richly, then all the stinks in the aggregate allow you to more accurately illuminate the element, apparently to the minds of exploitation.

Pluses and minuses of lamps of this type

Luminescent dzherela lights are seen on the background halogen lamps that analogy with a thread of roasting the fires of advancing troubles:

• high KKD;
• vіdmіnna svіtlovіddacha, scho allows you to see bright light in case of slight tension;
• the brightness of lighting (rossiyane svіchennya);
• low energy supply, I know the same, as if to match the heating lamps;
• lasting exploitation (in the middle 6000-9000 years), for the minds of the minds of the ideal minds, the robots and light bulbs of the building functioned in the old age (up to 20,000 years).

Mercury-containing dzherela svіtla mayut head nedolіk - the presence of unsafe speeches near the warehouse of gas-like filling. The amount of mercury in the flask of the linear lighting element can reach 1 g per unit virob. It is necessary to be extremely careful with such bulbs when it comes to making large dimensions and thinly, from which the bulb is prepared. Other cons:

• a wide range of working temperatures, as lighting elements of this type are characterized by a decrease in the intensity of light in the minds of cold, and at minus temperatures, such a light bulb may not turn on;
• merekhtinnya, which is swayed by constructive features, often qi problem defective electronic ballast;
• after a certain hour, the luminescent lamps shine brighter, which is connected to the vibration of the phosphor ball, and as a result, the color temperature changes.

As you can see, there were few problems caused by the work of similar lighting elements. But all the same, the stench continues to vikoristovuvatysya zavdyaki vіdnosnіy ekonomіchnostі and vyshіy effektivnosti, nizh lamps rozzharyuvannya.

Selection criteria

Before buying, take into account the specifics of the application (area, the possibility of installing a large-sized light lamp), on the basis of which the lighting element of the required model is selected.

In the first line, we should check the intensity of the vibration, the color temperature, and the value of the voltage of life. Other characteristics are different, but not less important: diameter, length and shape of the tube, color index, light flow.

The quality of the assembly can be high, vrakhovuyuchi the presence of unsafe speeches in a warehouse of gas-like filling. Today it is possible to buy a linear dzherel of light for a small price to navit in vіd vіdіh vіdіnykh virobnіv - Osram vartіstyu between 60-100 rubles. Moreover, the price category was assigned for the cases of great tightness and the largest dimensions (1500 mm).

Nuances of operation and disposal

There were few features of the robotic linear lamps: not mittve spratsovuvannya; sometimes it is necessary to re-enable through those that have not been zapalyuvannya; merekhtinnya; cool operation in the minds of low temperatures, and sometimes there is a daily reaction during switching.

In addition, there are other problems, and the very need for disposal of the dzherel is light with a small flask, or after the end of the term of service.

A fluorescent lamp or a day light lamp (LL, LDS) is an inert gas in a glass flask, which makes you see light.

The principle of operation LDS uses mercury in a rich gas with a distant transmission through a new discharge, as a result of which UV-viation is established, which transforms on a visible light glare ball of luminophor, which vanishes at the inner surface of the bulb. These articles will have a look at LDS, their descriptions technical characteristics.

Rіznovidi

Realizations have the most victorious discharge lamps on the basis of high mercury (GRLVS) or low (GRLND) vice:

Galuz zasosuvannya

The luminescent lamps of the light took away a great drink from the organizations of social recognition: schools, likarnias, states.

Z distant development the luminaires were equipped with an electronic ballast, it became possible to fit them in wide cartridges to the standard E14 and E27.

LL is more important to be installed at the premises of the industrial sector for the provision of a larger perimeter of lighting for minimal energy consumption. Also, they are victorious at the hanging billboards and facades.

Luminescent accessories are used for their characteristic features of efficient and economical use of electricity. Near the lamp-filled light, the stells and floorings are placed for growing, lighting the working surfaces of the living rooms.

Actuality of stosuvannya of fluorescent lamps

Widely wide LL nabouli zavdyaki rich perevagam, and itself:

• a high light output (LDS at an intensity of 10 W for safe lighting, matched with a light bulb for heating 50 W);
• a great range of vents of light that is emitted;
• povna rozіyanіst svіtla.

Guarantees for the term of operation LDS vіd 2 ths. year against 1 yew. the year when the lamps were lit.

Nedolіki luminescent outbuildings:

• chemical safety (up to 1 g of mercury in LDS);
• an uneven spectrum, which is unacceptable for the human eye;
• step by step ruynuvannya ball of phosphor, which leads to a weakened lightening;
• merekhtinnya lamps with a courtyard frequency in the merezh;
• presence of a mechanism that regulates the start;
• LL tension does not guarantee a high coefficient.

Principles of work

Under an hour of LL work between two electrodes, roztashovannymi on її edges, burn an arcuate discharge, which leads to the creation of UV light in the middle of the flask, filled with gas, near the warehouse of such a mercury vapor.

Zir people are unacceptable to the UV range of light, so the inner walls of the flask are enriched with a luminophore warehouse, which may have the power of claying ultraviolet with distant transformations of yoga on the visible light of light. Calcium-zinc orthophosphate and halophosphate form the basis of the phosphor ball. Also, the luminophore can be enriched with other speeches with a method of obtaining a singing light. Thermoelectronic emission of electrodes from the cathode creates a boost to the LDS electric arc. Further, the cathodes are fired with a path to pass through them a stream of either ion bombardment before the launch of the extension.

Technical characteristics

According to the technical characteristics, to deposit the end of the LDS robot is a necessary consideration.

The need

Indicative of the tightness of the LL, lay down a light source, as if pouring into the area of ​​illumination. Implementation has widened lamps of different tension.

Lampi 4-6 W

Stay at the premises of a small room. Vіdmіnno go near the sіlskogopodarskіy mіstsevostі, sentry booths chi baptisms. Tsі LDS nevibaglivі to spodzhivannâ elektroenergії, і navіt zavdyakovym transformers і lamps zdatnі pratsyuvati vіd 12 volts, scho allows you to start the lamp pіd'dnannyam to the car battery for the minds of the power supply. Also, low-power luminescent attachments are used to light up plants or aquariums.

The widest LL for the dimming of the lamp. You can see clearly: at the kimnat, car boxes, offices, pavilions.

They also nabuli of great breadth. Stay at the quiet ones themselves, like LL 18 W, with a difference in the area of ​​lighting.

58 W and 80 W

Tsі LDS great natuzhnosti zastosovuyutsya less at the virobnicheskih shops of the great square, shovishches and hangars, on the underground territory.

In some cases, such tightness can be seen in the villages in the open air for the minds of the great diversity of the world. So LL, for the type of lamps 18 W and 36 W, more energy-efficient and stosuvannya at the office lighting is unprofitable. Also, the stinks are equipped with additional daylight lamps, which make them even more irrelevant, like standing lamps of daylight in small areas.

color temperature

One more head parameter LDS. In the lightness of light and color temperature, lay down the lightness of light. The parameters are taken to three-digit values ​​on the flask.

Value 627

Suitable for outbuildings with 60% brightness of light and color temperature of 2700 K.

Value 727

Lamps with a brightness of 70% and a similar color temperature.

Value 765

The color temperature is 6500 K, which can be used without a trace of LDS. The density of colors on the river is 70%.

It is necessary to note that 2700 Kelvin is the color temperature of the heating bulbs, and LL with the same color temperature, the change that is accepted by the human eye, the yellow color. With the improvement of people's color perception, luminescent fixtures of different color temperature are prepared.

Bagato LL (energy-saving dzherela svіtіnnya) is a compact form that promines the very light. Color temperature 6500 is powerful in all outbuildings linear form and it gives off a white light from a faint shade of blue. Also, LLs of a high-profile designation are prepared with a temperature of 1300K, with the inclusion of such signs, a red color is observed. In okremih vipadkah for the possession of a unique look of light, the color of LDS is stoked.

Connection to the border

The simplest circuit for connecting the lamps of a vikonan day light on the basis of a starter, a throttle (ballast) and a capacitor. The lamps themselves do not transfer their direct connection to the electric lamp, so that a high opir can be built in the included luminescent station, which can be repaired only with a high voltage impulse.

It is also possible to add two lamps later, with a starter there will be 2 pieces, and one choke, but you can also pay for the total intensity of the lamps. The scheme of the lamp for 2 lamps is shown below. There is no capacitor on the diagram, but there can be installations at the input of the lamp.

The principle scheme of the luminaire is sometimes applied to the body of the starter.

Throttle (ballast) is included in the electric lantern as an additional support that protects the wind short hum. The starter allows, at the moment of the high support of the lamp, to charge the throttle and warm up the lamp coils at once.

A daylight lamp cannot be started without a throttle. In addition, as the connection scheme has been established, it is necessary to lay down a deep energy supply for all outbuildings, connected at once with a luminescent lamp. electric lansyug.

Electromagnetic choke (EMPRA)

Throttle of a permanent inductive support, which is connected only to the lancet from LL singing tightness. Opir of the Empra included in the lancet, when included, begins to play the role of an intermediate supply of stream to the lamp.

The design of the EmPRA is simple and cheap in terms of manufacture, vidpovidno, cheaper and lamps with an electromagnetic ballast. Regardless of their cheapness and simplicity, there are a number of shortcomings:

• start-up time up to 3 seconds (an hour to lie down when the lamp is worn out);
• high energy saving by throttle;
• incremental increase in frequency in the throttle plates through yoga wear;
• merekhtinnya with a double frequency of electric waves (100 or 120 Hz) when turned on, which negatively affects the sp;
• massiveness and overall dimensions of luminescent attachments (compared with analogues of EPRA);
• it is possible to operate a robotic electric lance with a throttle mechanism at temperatures below zero over Celsius;
• a short pause, to bring the throttle electrodes to the attachment before soldering, after which it is impossible to remove it.

The scheme for connecting gas-discharge fluorescent lamps from the EMPRA transmits the starter's presence, which regulates the ignition of the LL. However, the wines dodatkovo saves electricity.

Electronic choke

Electronic ballast (EPRA) supplies high-frequency lamps 25-133 kHz. At the moment when the LDS is turned on with an electronic throttle, a person for a short hour will watch for a sharp freeze. For the help of the electronic ballast, two principles of operation from the inclusion of lamps were implemented.

cold start

Immediately start up attachments, and then start a significant amount of electrodes. Lamps with this option to start the insurance for a low frequency of increase / decrease during the day.

hot start

Before turning on the lamp for 1 second, the electrics are switched on, then we work out. It is also a thermal indicator, which ensures protection against overheating.

LL on the basis of EPRA economical, lower and gained significant popularity, which cannot be said about the analogues of EMPRA.

Causes of failure

The LDS electrodes are represented by a tungsten coil coated with active puddle metals to ensure charge. During the period of operation, the active mass accumulates with electrodes, the stench becomes unacceptable.

At the moment the lamp is turned on (the start of the discharge and the onset of the ignition of the electrodes), there is additional pressure on the active mass, which is more powerful. On the plots with the largest amount of active mass, there should be less voltage, which will lead to uneven output and people will watch the lamps during the period of її work. Also, the sagging of the active mass leads to a total failure of the lamp, and a dark color appears at the ends of the tube.

It is obvious that the term of the LL service should be based on the quality of the active mass and the frequency of the lamp on. Ale navit for tsikh obmezhen the term of the LDS service is at least richly high (2000 launches against 1000 for the most famous light bulbs).

tipi vikonannya

Luminescent extensions are subdivided into two tips for the variant of the vikonanny kolby.

Linear lamps

Qi LL are represented by low-pressure mercury lamps. Most of the light of these lamps is upgraded with a phosphor. Luminescent attachments, which are attached to the stele, are the main representative of linear LL. The stele lamp of the day light, having taken away the majestic drink from the whole world at the places of various recognition.

Among the linear lamps in Russia, the LDS is wider with a round tube T8 (D = 26 mm) and a G13 type base. The intensity of these lamps is interrelated with the size of the tube - standard LDS intensity 18 W can be used for a tube length of 600 mm, and lamps 36 W for a double depth of 1200 mm. So they use lamps of other intensities, but the stinks are of a smaller width, or they have a narrow vein.

Varto indicate that in the Radian period the most congestion was taken off LDS with a T12 flask, the diameter of which was 38 mm. Qi lamps were more energy efficient - 20 W short and 38 W long versus 18 W and 36 W good. The lamps with the T10 tube (32 mm) also flashed, and the ale stink did not give a wide drink in the T12 pipes.

At the western lands, the remaining fates began to carry lamps with a pipe last generation T5 with a diameter of 16 mm. The stench is thin and otrimali wider zastosuvannya in the interior.

As a result of technological progress, not long ago, Chinese retailers created an attachment with a T4 flask (12.5 mm). It's a novelty, as it has not yet taken away a wide zasosuvannya, and it is still too early to talk about the prospects for such tubular lamps. LDS with a smaller diameter of the tube has not yet been broken in practice.

Double-ended rectilinear lamp with a glass tube with glass feet welded on the ends, in which the electrodes are mounted. The tube is sealed hermetically sealed with argon or neon, enriched with mercury, so that when the lamp is turned on, it turns into a gas-like mill. Socles on the ends of the tube are equipped with contacts for connecting the lamp to the lance.

Linear LDS saves less than 15% when lighting a lamp, providing similar lighting. Qi lamps are often flashed on virobnitstv, offices, transports.

Compact lamps

Є lamps of the daylight with a bent tube.

Compact lamps can take on a (whether or not) the shape of a bulb and widen for a private victoria. To compact luminescent extensions, there are also energy-saving lamps.

Also, wider compact lamps under the cartridges to the standard E14, E27, E40, like vikoristovuyutsya in lamps.

Zasosuvannya options

In this hour, luminescent outbuildings took away a great deal of traffic, both in the lighted industrial objects, and in the organization of the interior space. Luminaires with fluorescent and white light lamps are zastosovuyutsya in various purposes:

• Luminescent luminaires LB 40 of low pressure are designated for lighting the entire area of ​​the premises of the closed type.
• Fluorescent lamp for aquaria and room growth, which provides local lighting.
• Fitolampi (kvіtkovі svіtilniki) - luminescent lamps for kvіtіv and roslin.
• That wall lamp of daylight is laid, which gives soft illumination to a calm atmosphere for an hour of reading and respite.

Markuvannya

Marking is done in such a way that you can easily select the necessary LL when buying. The most wide such designation:

• LB (better light);
• LD (day light);
• LHB (cold-bile light);
• LTB (warm and white light);
• LE (naturally light);
• LHE (cold natural light).

Visible vіdtinok fall in vіd kіrnoї temperature. The color temperature of the LDS becomes 6400-6500K, which indicates the approximate color of the white light.

Krіm type of lamp, the necessary technical characteristics of the lamp are also indicated: voltage, shape, size, and so on. Marking is applied to the glass flask and the LDS case.

Mustache without blame LDS to sweep gases, saturated with mercury vapours. At the bottom, at which the lamp is broken, the vapor of mercury penetrates from the ceiling.

Nadali mercury can opine in the body of a person and the owner of a bad health. To that varto dbaily behave with fluorescent lamps.

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