High Capacity Recordable CD: how much can fit? CD - information capacity. See discs by capacity "Lottery" with discs of high recording capacity

We've heard that CD-R/RW CDs can have a nominal capacity of 700 MB for data or 80 MB for low-volume audio. I should correct myself, having guessed that it is also the traditional CD-R / RW CDs of 650 MB, although, however, everything is more and more likely to be put on sale. And in the other direction, in the direction of movement, CDs are released? Did you sound like that?

They show up, so they let go. There are also 700 MB CDs that are standard for today, and larger CDs are also being produced. Tse - this is the name of High Capacity Recordable CD, if you add 10 credits to the audio recording on them. And if you choose to place simple digital data on them, then your order will have a capacity of 800 MB.

As soon as you take on a job as a substitute, which is required when recording a squeezed audio, then it will appear that the company-maker will give you a year of additional "good music". By placing such a superdisk into the clip of a six-shot car "revolver" CD changer, you can even more repertoire for listening in a car, but in traffic jams - the best way to avoid stress!

Wikipedia, however, corrects, wondering what really fits on qi disks even more:

Quote:

- 98.5 xvilin audio on 12cm discs
- 30 pieces of audio on 8 cm discs
For comparison: according to the specification of Red Book audio, the parameters for 700 MB disks are 80 and 24 xviline.

Who issues these discs?

It’s easier to put food in a search engine, Google the same, or Yandex, or ... (in general, your kohan). For example, I immediately saw the TDK High Capacity CD (in the sense - release TDK).

Quote:

Full 90 minutes / 800 MB capacity.
Recording Speed ​​up to 40x.
Available as: Single Jewel Case, 10 pack

High Capacity CD Cakebox
Available as: 25 pieces cakebox.

Upevneniy, that my knowledge is not the only one.

Have you ever had a High Capacity Recordable CD for sale? I don't know much. Why don't they push them through so actively, like a 700 MB CD?

Do not know. Aje for saving audio (especially in a stiletto format) DVD discs, in my opinion, are not handy: they are taken too richly. I’ll need a record for a long time, but it’s not handy. Compact discs with a capacity of CDs, in my opinion, are more convenient for audio.

And, perhaps, their popularity has brought such a situation, which often sticks in practice: pure disks of this type are known so, nibi on them є total 11 minutes for recording audio or 96 MB for recording data? To go out: you bought "with a margin", but took away "..." (I erased it, the moderator does not miss it anyway!).

Let's try to calm the authorities of these numerical devices for recording CDs: the program is just nice. The reason lies in the fact that the standard software, "flash" (firmware) in the add-on CD-R / RW record, remember that 80 hvilin - tse "between dreams" and more can not be. As a result, after 800 MB are credited, the amount of bytes is reset and in the end the indicator shows not the full capacity, but only those additional bonus bytes. According to the rules of arithmetic (let schoolchildren not read!) The real capacity of such disks is 91-80 = 11 hvilin!

Let people into the XXI century and switched to using flash-memory, the prote format of CD dos is becoming more and more popular and demanding among the mediums. CDs, same so rushesifornia CD (COMPACT DISK), on Vіdmin Vіd Energosalezhny Nosіiv Majut Bіlsh Temoki Nadіinіst Іnformatsії, low-key VartiSt і 100% Sumnіsti zsіmnnіmt, Yaka Majut Myzh, єMnіst. There is a lot of roses, the product of such a vineyard needs to be bathed, and like water stones you can go in pursuit of great capacities.

light standard

Few people know that the creation of a CD disc, the information capacity of which becomes the standard of 650 megabytes, is the lightness of the goiter of the Sony corporation. In the distant 1982, the Japanese created a portable audio carrier, which came to replace vinyl disks. Loved by most Japanese Beethoven's 9th symphony trivality 73 hvilini marked the expansion of the disc. When converting audio to megabytes, you are responsible for at least 640 MB.

Looking at the recording of the pause and additional information for the outbuildings, about 10 megabytes were added. The physical size of the disk is 5.25 inches - the current ATX format for all personal computers.

basic indicator

Let the capacity of the CD-disk follow the standard and set it to 650 megabytes, but in the rest of the day it will be important to know such a choice in the store. Then, without special knowledge, you can buy with an information capacity of 700 and 800 megabytes. Such discs on the markets of the country are nothing else, like a marketing campaign of pickers, as they try to attract potential buyers to themselves. It’s clear: the bigger the size, the more you can record on Til’ki plant-vigotovlyuvach zamovchuє, but with the same physical expansion, such a place can be reached for the account of a high recording capacity, so not all brands can be built. Also, it is not necessary to apply the data in a high capacity.

"Lottery" with high capacity discs

Let the virobnik and talk about the wealth of your discs with all kinds of multimedia devices, the buyer is guilty of knowing that there is soundness, with a player or a computer, it is not possible to play music correctly or play files with danim. The larger the capacity of a CD, the more risky. Discs with 700 megabytes of recording space are becoming very popular on the domestic market. Privertaє koristuvachіv їх low varіst. Such discs can be recorded and read without problems by almost all outbuildings.

And the axis with CD-disks, which can record a record of 800 megabytes, can cause problems. Chi is not a skin-recording building attachment to correctly record information on the nose. Judging by the number of observations, it is often hard to believe that the problem is in the drive, what you write and, lazy yogo, do not suspect that the virobnik is to blame for this incident, which released an inaccurate CD-ROM.

About virobniki plants

It's funny that the main mass of buyers prefers expensive and popular brands, the names and logos of which are printed on the surface of the wear, absolutely ignoring the cheap small CDs, the information about them comes slowly. Most of the time, there is no difference between an expensive and a cheap disc, even though they have one production plant, the same batch number is the same. All right in advertising. One seller advertises his product and depends on the price, and the other sells discs for a low price. As a butt, disks from BASF and Intenso companies can serve. The price difference is enormous, and CDs are one batch. First, lower your nose, turn your attention not to the sticker, but to the advice about the virobnik factory. In the rest of the hour, in the wake of high competition, a lot of marketing research is carried out, the results of which are published by computer magazines and Internet resources, and the purchase is not guilty of problems due to the search for information.

To be aware of the CD, the maximum information capacity of such storage is no more than 700 megabytes. Having become popular, you can grow visnovoks, which have not been introduced to the market of optical wear for ten years.

Serious brandies have no longer made their mark, and low-acid production plants are no longer afloat. The brands Mitsui, HP, Sony & Philips, 3M, Verbatim and FujiFilm can look at discs by capacity and boldly see their reputation. Professionals recommend avoiding purchases of CDs from such brands as Princo, Memorex, Arita, BASF, Dysan, MMore and JTEC. Not only that, but carrying a nasty quality, there may be a lot of pardons at the hour of creation, so the size of the CD-disk in reality is 5-20 megabytes less, lower, according to the seller on the packaging.

Active ball color

Often, when buying from a seller, you can feel that the quality of the recording on a CD-carrier can be deposited directly in the color of the active ball - more dark, more save information, independent of the type of disk by capacity. Singing purchase, that music CDs of black color with zahisnym vinyl ball let me and cost an order of magnitude more expensive, then serve for more than one century, successfully complete the favor. The truly stellar appearance of the disk, including the color of the active ball, is created behind the vimogi, like a substitute for the virobnik plant. A number of such indicators, such as єmnіst, є column "design", in yakіy and the color of the active ball is indicated. And the axis for the term zberіgannya vіdpovіdaє column "material of the active ball". For example, inexpensive cyanine can be used for direct sleepy exchanges for ten years, and expensive phthalocyanine can easily read information from a disk through storage.

security record

The size of a CD-disk must always be accompanied by a statement, so you can set an add-on, what do you write about the hour of recording information on an optical nose. Without going into technology, it would be important for someone to know that the larger the figure, the less time will be spent on All kinds of discs by capacity, different hours of the day, as if they are insignificantly one and the same. On average, on a speed of "1x" there are about 40 quills per record, and a disk with the "52x" parameter will have records for one quill.

Krіm possibilites of the disk to exercise respect is needed not only for the characteristics of speed, I will write down the record, as they appear on the front panel. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the instructions and attach it to which the CD-disk is to be transferred. For example, a lot of car radios cannot play music from the wear, recorded on the hard drive, which translates "24x".

Possibility of a zahisty ball

Spontaneous purchases on the market or in the store zmushu zrobiti beautifully designed CD-ROM. A photo of a beloved hero, or by naming the film, mittevo attaches respect, and the disk replenishes the home collection. Whether it’s a kind of skin type of a person, if you ever come to the thought that it would be wrong to write down information on your nose, it would be bad to make a good-looking CD, putting it on the surface of your little ones or a photograph. There are no problems. Finish the drive with the "Printable" markup. The top of the cover ball is equipped with a special coating, as if it were not possible to pick up the farba of an ink jet printer onto a matte photo paper. Naturally, for drawing a little one, you need a printer, the functionality of which supports others on CDs.

Business card disc

For a great business, following the rules of good manners between partners or counterparties, the proposition is due to looking at the original presentation, because often a lot of businessmen are encouraged to know better at their own free time. At the postal screen, the presentation can be ruined in the midst of the great obligation of electronic mail, and flash-accumulators can be distributed to potential partners for free, not in the gut. In such cases, a business card is buried. Many printing companies provide such a service. On cutting up to the size of the original business card, the CD disc behind the zamovnik's bag can be printed with a logo or contact information. For such a CD, the information capacity is not critical. Available for recording 120-180 megabytes as a whole to download for recording a number of presentations. Such a business card, which may be of non-standard dimensions, can be implemented without any problems on any attachment for reading optical discs.

About mini-discs

The mini-format of CD-discs is still required to reach the requirements of the average video cameras and audio players with a format factor of 8 cm. And the axis of the price of yoga was a record, translating into a sprat of times the variety of the most expensive CD discs in the format of 5.25 inches. All on the right in the virobnik factory. As practice and numerical tests show, virobnik, vykonuyuchi vimogi, announced by corporations from the development of audio and video technology, preparing a disc of the highest quality. At whom you can change your mind, be a kind of koristuvach, achieve equal characteristics of different disks, having tested special software programs.

Technical characteristics of a CD-R disc.

CD-R is a thin disc made of translucent plastic - polycarbonate - 1.2 mm thick, 120 mm in diameter (standard) or 80 mm (min). The capacity of a standard CD-R is 74 xvilin audio or 650MB data. However, at the present moment (2006), a standard CD-R can hold 702MB of data (more precisely, 736,966,656 bytes) or 79 xvilin 59 seconds and 74 frames. Such єmnіst reach a small change in the tolerances described in the standard "Orange Book" (CD-R / CD-RW). Also on the market are 90 speeds / 790MB and 99 speeds / 870MB disks, which were a little less wide.

The polycarbonate disc has a spiral track for direct replacement of the laser when recording and reading information. From that side, where there is a spiral path, the disk is covered with a recording ball, which is formed from a narrow ball of an organic bar and then a ball of silver, yogo alloy or gold. This ball, which appears to be covered with a cured photopolymer varnish and is cured by ultraviolet vibration. And already on this zahisny ball are applied various inscriptions by farboi.

A blank CD-R is not completely empty, on a new one there is a service track with an ATIP servo tag - Absolute Time In Pregroove- absolute hour at the service road. Tsya special track is necessary for the speed system, as it will take care of the laser when recording on the road and stitch for the speed of the recording (i.e., stitch, so that the life of the house was fast). Besides the synchronization function, the service track also removes information about the recorder of that disc, information about the material of the recording ball, the main tracks for recording, etc. The service track does not crash when writing data to the disc revise the original as a copy.

The first companies that started issuing CD-R discs were Taiyo Yuden, Kodak, Maxell and TDK. From this point on, the CD-R standard was given a further increase in order to ensure greater recording speed and in this hour (2006) the maximum possible speed for a CD-R record is 52x, i.e., 52 times higher than the one indicated in the "Orange" standard. books" (1x = 150 KB/s). Numbers of tracks are used mainly in new materials for the recording ball, the best geometry of the track and the technology of applying the recording ball. The full recording of 1x victories is still being recorded for recording special “audio CD-R”, since the recording decks on CDs were standardized on their own.

Clean “blanks” of CD-R can make a service track from the recorded data. This track is to avenge the time marks and win during the recording, so that the laser light is recorded along the spiral track as well as on sound CDs. Replace each other as physical embedment in the material of the "blank" as in different CDs, at the hour of recording a CD-R, the data is recorded on the disc by changing the laser of the increased tension, so that physically "burn out" the organic bar of the recording ball. If barvnik heats up higher than the singing temperature, the wine collapses and darkens, changing the building of the "burnt" zone. In such a manner, for an hour of writing, keruyuchi pouzhnіstyu laser, zapisyuchogo balls otrimuyut dark and light flames, yakі when reading іnpretruyuyutsya like a drink.

When reading, the laser can significantly reduce the intensity, lower when writing, and do not ruin the bar of the recording ball. As soon as you hit the ball, you swipe on the photodiode, and if you swipe on the dark - “burning out” - litter, then you may not pass through the new one until you hit the ball and the photodiode registers a weakening of the light flow. Under an hour of reading, the “blank” in the drive spins on the spindles, and the reading promin is left unbreakable and is sent to stitch by the system to the track with tribute. The lights and darks of the lanes of the road are churning, generating a change in the light flow of the beaten exchange and being translated into a change in the electric signal, which is far away and being transformed into information by the electric drive system - “decoded”.

Propalyuvannya recording ball є irreversible chemical process, i.e. disposable. The information recorded on a CD-R can be erased, on a CD-RW. CD-R, however, can be written in parts, which are called sessions.

There are three main types of recording ball for CD / DVD:

Cyanin (English) cyanine) - cyaninovimi barvnik maє blue-green (colour "marine wind") with a bright working surface. This material was recorded in the latest "blanks" CD-R and patented by Taiyo Yuden. This barvnik is chemically unstable, which is the reason for the short term of the guaranteed savings recorded information. Barvnik can be beaten for a sprat of rock. If you want a lot of victorious vicarious additives to improve the stability of cyanine, it is not recommended to vicorize discs in order to backup and save archival data.
Azo - Metallic azo-barvnik, may have a dark blue color. Yogo formula is patented by Mitsubishi Chemicals. This barn is chemically stable and yogo building, saving information is calculated in ten years (the companies themselves write about 100 years).

Phthalocyanine (English) Phthalocyanine) - Trochs more than the life of the active recorded share. phthalocyanine practically bezbarvny, with a bright light green or golden color, because of which discs based on phthalocyanine active ball are often called "golden". phthalocyanine- a little more than a new generation. Disks on the basis of the active ball are less sensitive to sleepy light and ultraviolet vibration, which allows for greater durability of the recorded information and a little more hopefulness in unfriendly minds (companies say hundreds of times).
Unfortunately, there are a lot of varieties of vicarious additives in the recording of the ball, so cyanine blanks were similar in color to phthalocyanine. Therefore, it is not possible to simply assign the material of the recording ball to the color. Also, the appearance of a ball of "golden" color does not guarantee that it is a phthalocyanine CD-R.
Useful methods for recording data on a CD-R:

Disc-At-Once, DAO (Disc at a time) - the entire disc is recorded in one session, from start to finish without interruption. On the disk, special information is written that indicates the beginning of the recording (eng. lead-in), after which the data is “disappeared”, and then the disk “curries”, i.e., a special sequence of battles is recorded, as if to inform about the impossibility of adding information to the “blank” (eng. lead-out). Such a way is good for recording concert performances “live”, without pauses between songs, and also as master discs for distant circulation at the factory.

Track-At-Once, TAO (Track at a time) - data is written one track (session) at a time and is left with a "critical record" (i.e., the record about the "closing" of the disk is not shy), so we can talk about the possibility of a further record of information to the whole disk. In addition, it allows you to record audio discs with an additional "computer" track. An audio disc can be read on a CD player only after a table of contents (TOC - Table Of Content) has been recorded. After recording the TOC, adding the track becomes impossible.

Packet Writing (Packet recording) - no more than extensions of the type of recording, when the disc is “formatted” and pressed on it, you can write data or work before recording data “invisible”, i.e. Such a CD-R becomes similar to discs with sufficient reading i record. However, if you change data (vidalennya, record, change) on the disk, it is necessary to write additional packages, and after that, all packages will be written, the disk will become inaccessible to remote changes - only for reading. It is not driven by all drives that lead to problems of consciousness.

Session-At-Once, SAO (Sessiya at a time) - SAO mode is disabled when writing to CD-Extra format. If this format is chosen, it is possible to record both audio-information (CD-DA) and software parts on the disc. When recording, the audio tracks are “spoiled” in sequence, and then the data.

Multisession (multisession) - a recording mode that allows you to add information to the disk in the future. Skin session to send the information to the beginning of the session (lead-in), then give that information about the end of the session (lead-out). When recording in multisession mode, information about the structure of previous records is copied to a new session and can be edited. In this way, the correspondent may find information about the structure of already irrelevant or old records, without including it in the new table of contents (TOC - Table Of Content). It is possible to "praty" some of the information from the CD, although it would be physically impossible to keep it on the CD. The information may be updated with the help of special software.

Wash the savings and the middle term of the life of CD-R recordings.

At the moment (2006) the average hour of life of a CD-R is only estimated on the basis of accelerated tests of old, since this technology of optical media is too young and does not have practical data for the whole day. It is important that with diligent supervision of a CD-R one is guilty of observing at least a thousand cycles of reading and saving hundreds of years of recorded information. It's a pity, the deacons of the habitually adopting the practice of wrong driving with discs can change that number to one or two years. That is why, as the main meta-recording - it was necessary to save information, it should be carefully followed by CD-R "blanks".

Characteristics of the CD-R recording material with an hour of improvement before degradation, while the majority of other recordings are recorded. Optical discs for a one-time recording, CD-R, vikoristovyut at the recording ball bar, which under the influence of heat changes the power, which is poured into the savings of data. The degradation process can lead to moving the recorded track with the data in the middle of the ball, as a result of which the drive cannot read the data from the disk.
The “blanks” of small-scale firms are recorded cheaply enough, just like the nameless, “fox”, “technological” blanks, the terms of life can be close to two years. Deyakі such "blanks" of greater high quality may be more trivaly term of service - close to five years. It’s easy to see the low-pitched “blanks” from the high-pitched velms, just like the lesser virobniks (for example, Taiyo Yuden) talk about the term of life of their virobivs. Through the military wars, the quality of disks is often sacrificed to the reach of the yakomog of the lower covenant.
Recommendations for saving and working with CD-R blanks:

Take vertically, leather in a cream case or a slim case. Rebooting in them, the discs do not stick on the surface of the recording ball against the walls of the case.

Unicati zginannya "blanks". To win the disc out of the case, in any case it is impossible to “pull” yoga over the edges. The replacement of which is necessary to press on the spindle, on which screw is trimmed, to allow the disc to be beaten without squeezing and bending.
The “blank” needs to be trimmed around the thin edge along the perimeter, and not to stick around the see-through sour ball, so as not to get stuck on the surface with fingertips.

Store in a cool, dry place. Optimum temperature is 5-20°C (41-68°F), moisture content is 30-50%. Also, there are sharp differences in their values.
Unique direct sleepy light. You can heat a case and a disc, which you know in a new one. Trivale perebuvannya under the influx of direct ultraviolet light (including sony) on the disk is also negatively signified on yoga characteristics. However, small doses of x-ray vipromenuvannya, for example, during the passage of control at the airport, but the magnetic fields are not responsible for the work of the initial shock to the disks.
It is also possible to use felt-tip pens or markers with water pens and a soft pen, when writing a sign on the surface for writing. The best place for the badge is a small space on the disk near the central opening with a width of about one centimeter, sound more transparent. Felt-tip pens on alcohol retailers are used less shkidlivimi for a disc, lower on xilene or toluene. Choose permanent markers based on xylite or toluene, and it is not recommended to use them for the badge on the disc. Felt-tip pens are specially sized for printing on optical media (CD / DVD).

Nikola do not vikoristovyte stickers on the disks. Adhesives of the stickers can be chemically embedded on the disc, and in high-speed CD drives, the stickers can be produced until the disc is beaten. Vіdomi vpadki, if the disc was spreading on parts in the middle of the drive, which led to the loss of information and the drive out of tune.
It is inadmissible to appear podryapin on the surface of the disk. Finding a small scratch on the “external” surface with a recording ball can lead to private or re-use of information. In spite of the widening of thoughts, small dents on the “clearance” (“internal”) side of the disk are less unsafe, but they can also lead to reading and writing problems. It is not possible to write on disks with bag pens, because Mechanical pouring into the disk sounds to make yogo unacceptable.
Contact with water is also a problem for the disk, especially for "technological" "blanks".
disk cleaning
As a rule, it is only necessary to clean a CD-R disc in the event that it causes problems with reading information from it. Codes for correction of pardons, like vikoristovuyutsya in CD-R, sound good to cope with the fingers of the fingers and the undercuts on the clear side.
You can clean up the accumulated saws by wiping the disk with soft cloth from the center to the rim of the disk in a radial straight line. It is not possible to wipe the disk with circular ruches, because the circular podryapins will be parallel to the roads and with them it will be more difficult to turn lower with the radial podryapins. The most important other way to tidy up the saws is to blow them up for the help of a jet of air from a spray can from a cold wind, which is sold in stores.
Widths of fingers or brood can be seen behind additional soft tissue, soaked with denaturing alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl), after which you wipe the disk dry with the same circular ruhs.
There is no trace of acetone, nail polish retailer, gas, gasoline or other retailers based on petroleum products. Such aggressive retailers can literally repair the disk itself or build it on a surface that is calamity and unsuitable for robots. Win only alcohol retailers.
Disks format CD-RW.
Technical characteristic.
CD-RW (Compact Disc-ReWritable, CD Rewritable) - a type of CD, split in 1997 for a one-time recording of information.
CD-RW is a further development of the recorded laser CD-R CD, however, on the other hand, it allows not only to record information, but also to record data. This format was introduced in 1997, and in the development process it was called CD-Erasable (CD-E, Compact Disc). CD-RW is rich in why it is similar to its CD-R front, but the recording ball is made from a special alloy, which can be heated into two different stable aggregate states - amorphous and crystalline. Zei alloy is made from silver (Ag), indium (In), antimony (Sb) and telurium (Te). When recording (or erasing), the laser heats up the track and translates it in one of the stable aggregate stations, which are characterized by the degree of transparency. The one who reads the light of the laser has less tension and does not change the position of the recording ball, but draws the litters with different transparency to form a picture similar to the Ptam and Maidanchiks of the great stamping of CDs.

"Pigs" CD-RW allow you to overwrite information about 1000 times. For a little bit of feasibility, information is written down, for a copying robot with "blanks" CD-RW is already similar to a robot with a one-time recording of CD-R. Data is recorded in sessions, you can add new files and "how" already recorded. With a new skin session, the space on the disk changes, and if it ends, you can completely erase the information from the last disk, or a part, after which the wine will be available for recording a new one. Recently, a new CD-RW recording format - Universal Disk Format (UDF, Packet Writing) has appeared, which attracts a lot of technical complexity and allows you to "format" a "blank" and work with it like a wonderfully great floppy disk available for reading / writing / removed / changed. The total capacity of such UDF formatting discs is approximately 530MB, and the maximum size is 700MB when recording in sessions (to be more precise, you can record 700MB only in one session for the entire disk).

CD-RW recordings are generally satisfied with the help of the standards described in the standards "Red Book" (CD-ROM) and "Orange Book Part II" (CD-R) - more specifically, a weaker signal may stink. Therefore, discs are not readable in older CD drives produced before 1997. CD-Rs are considered to be the most important standard for backup copies, since the information recorded on them can no longer be changed and the "blank" collections indicate a longer data storage hour for CD-R discs, lower for CD-RW.

When writing to CD-RW - NOT UDF, periodically you need to completely erase the disc. There are two types of erasing - “outside” and “shvidka”. As if sings of the name, with the “re-erasing” the entire information track is overwritten, rudely seemingly, with zeros, and the old information is lost. And “shvidke” erasing cleans only a small part of the disk from the cob, which is richer, but there is a technical possibility of data redevelopment. For this reason, it is necessary to protect the confidentiality of information, so it is necessary to victoriously erase it.
Discs in CD-ROM format.
Compact disc ("CD", "CD-ROM", "CD ROM") - optically portable information on a disk with a shutter in the center, information from which is read for the help of a laser. A bunch of CDs of creations for digital audio storage (so-called Audio-CD), prote in this hour are widely played as attachments for collecting data of wide recognition (so-called CD-ROM). Audio CDs of different formats can be read as CDs with data and CD players can play only a few of them (on a computer, obviously, you can read both CDs). Discs are being compressed to replace audio information, so you can listen to them on a CD player and read them on a computer. With the development of mp3, the makers of boot CD-players and music centers began to increase the ability to read mp3 files from CD-ROMs.
The abbreviation "CD-ROM" means "Compact Disk Read Only Memory" and designates a CD as a carrier of information for a wide range of storage (on the front of an audio CD). "CD ROM" means "Compact Disc, Permanent Memory Attachment". CD-ROM is often called a drive for reading CDs.
Discs format DVD-R / RW.
Technical characteristics of a DVD-R disc
Sound DVD discs are practically impossible to fit into sound CDs. The stench may be the same, and the calls are even similar one by one. However, reading a DVD disc on a great CD drive is no longer possible. For whom you need to drive to the DVD-format, which, to the point of speech, reads normal CDs without any problems.
All information on the DVD is stored in the MicroUDF (Micro Universal Disk Format) file system. Її officially approved in 2000 roci. MicroUDB support large capacity files and large size files. The file names are recorded in unicode format, which ensures the DVD's consistency with the usual operating systems for PCs, as well as with various bit-by-bit technologies.
Іstotnoy vodminnistyu DVD vіd CD є mozhlivіst dvuhsharovogo recording diskіv. On one single-sided disc (they are both double-sided, with an information surface on the skin side), you can save twice as much information. Having offended the ball, the surface can be seen, only one of them can have a high transparency (up to 40%). When writing / reading, just change the focus, which allows you not to hurt the ball at once.

Larger high-capacity DVDs are not only capable of double-ball recording of discs, but also of greater capacity for recording information. A greater height of recording space was reached for the change in the air between the informational tracks on the spiral. Tse v_dstan at CD-discs to become 1.6 microns. For DVD discs - 0.74 microns. Available DVD-disks, depending on a specific type, can be from 4.7 to 17 GB.
Tipi DVD:

There are three types of DVD behind the data structure:
DVD-Video - revenge films (video and sound);
DVD-Audio - high-quality audio data (richer, lower on audio CDs);
DVD-Data - revenge be-yak_ data.
DVD yak nosії buy chotiroh types:
DVD-ROM - factory stamped discs;
DVD + R / RW - one-time (R - Recordable) and one-time (RW - ReWritable) recording discs;
DVD-R / RW - one-time (R - Recordable) and one-time (RW - ReWritable) recording discs;
DVD-RAM - disks with a one-time record with sufficient access (RAM - Random Access Memory).
DVD can have one or two working sides and one or two working balls on the skin side. Vіd їх kіlkostі to deposit disk space:

• one-ball one-sided (DVD-5) contain 4.7 gigabytes of information,
• two-ball single-sided (DVD-9) contain 8.7 gigabytes of information,
• one-ball double-sided (DVD-10) hold 9.4 gigabytes of information,
• two-ball double-sided (DVD-18) contain 17.4 gigabytes of information.

Mistkіst can be assigned to the eye - it’s necessary to marvel, the skіlki of the working (vіdobrazhayut) sides at the disk and turn respect to their colors: two balls on the side sound like a golden color, and one balls - silver, like a CD. Be-yaky s nosіїv mozhe mother be-yak structure of data (div. Vishche) and be-yak kіlkіst sharіv (two-ball DVD-R and DVD-RW z'appeared in kintsi 2004 rock).

The standard for recording DVD-R (W) is the standard for DVD-Forum splitting as an official specification for (re)recording discs. However, the price of a license for this technology was too high, and therefore a number of recorders and carriers for recording were united in the “DVD plus RW Alliance”, which developed the DVD + R (W) standard, the number of licenses for which was lower. More "blanks" (blank discs for recording) DVD + R (W) were more expensive, lower "blanks" DVD-R (W), but now prices are higher.

Standard record "+" and "-" often sum. In this hour, the stench is still popular - half of the virobniks follow one standard, half - another. Tochatsya superechki, vitis not one of the formats of your competitor, or the stench continues to peacefully spivist. All DVD drives can read both formats of discs, and most writers can also write various types of discs.
On CD-ROMs, in which the structure of an audio CD is fundamentally different from a CD with data, DVDs contain the UDF file system.
The speed of reading / writing a DVD is required to be a multiple of 1350 Kb / s, so a 16-speed drive can read (or write) discs in 16? 1350 = 21600 Kb/s (21.09 Mb/s).
Regional binding DVD.
Film studios are in control of the distribution of their films, released on DVD, in different countries. It is worth mentioning that an hour for the release of films in cinemas and an hour for their release in a wide video rental in different lands of different countries. It is accepted that it is guilty to enter the video rental of a movie only after it has passed its premiere in cinemas. So, for example, a film that is available for video distribution in the USA can only be shown in cinemas in Europe, which breaks the rule.
To the same with the approved DVD standard, there is a code that surrounds a DVD-Video disc within the same zone.
In this way, the DVD-video disc and the DVD-programmer are assigned the region code. And even if the disc is not being played, the code will not play, the film will not work.
Regional zahist є optional and may be vikoristan on rozsud vygotovlyuvach disk. It's not some kind of cryptographic system, but only one byte in the disk header, which is checked before the disk is created on the cob. The DVD player can have a large number of regional codes, in which case it can play disks of certain different "zones". A lot of Chinese players started ignoring the regional defense.
In total, 8 regional zones were introduced:

You can remove the exchange by editing the firmware (firmware) of the drive, which you can do before the warranty expires. Sound when flashing, the region code is changed to 0. However, DVD discs with a special recheck of the region code can be used, as they cannot be recognized with such a zone code. DVD players from the change DVD zone can solve this problem (call the change only up to 5 times, you can change it only after flashing the firmware).
Such a zahist vikoristovuetsya only in DVD-Video discs.

Discs in Blu-ray Disc format.

Blu-ray Disc or shortened BD (in English. Blue ray - black promin and disc - disc) - this is the same generation of optical disc format - rewriting for saving high-definition video (with 1920X1080 pixels) and data with advanced power.
The Blu-ray standard was jointly developed by a group of companies for the production of by-bit electronics and computers on the basis of Sony, as it was promoted to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA). The pair with its main competitor, HD DVD, Blu-ray format, has more information capacity per share - 25 instead of 15 gigabytes, and at the same time the victories and supporters have more expensive ones.

At the international consumer electronics show (CES), which took place in September 2006, it was announced that the commercial launch of the Blu-ray format will take place in spring 2006.
Technical characteristic BD.
A single-sided Blu-ray disc (BD) can save 23.3, 25, or 27 GB - enough to record approximately 20 years of high-definition video with sound. A two-ball drive can hold 46.6, 50, or 54 GB - it will take about eight years of HD-video to record on a new one. There are also disks with a capacity of 100 GB and 200 GB in rozrobtsy, with a choice of 8 balls. TDK Corporation has already announced a prototype of a 100 GB chotirishar disc.
The BD-RE (re-recording of BD) standard will be available alongside the BD-R (recording) and BD-ROM formats. In May, all manufacturers of optical media announced their readiness to release re-recording and recording discs on the market at the same time as the BD-ROM format enters the market.
In addition to the standard 12cm discs, there will be 8cm discs available for use with digital cameras and video cameras, with a capacity of 15GB planned for the double-sided option.
The tables below show the current and scheduled discs in the Blu-Ray format for the next hour.

The Blu-ray technology for reading and writing uses a blue-violet laser with a long wind of 405 nm. The primary DVD and CD vicarious red and infrared lasers with long hair 650 nm and 780 nm are clear.

Such a change made it possible to sound a double track in pairs with a superior DVD-disc - up to 0.32 microns - and to increase the recording space of data.

The longer life span of the blue-violet laser makes it possible to save more information on 12 cm discs of the same size as CD / DVD. Effektivniy "splashes" on which the laser can be focused, surrounded by diffraction and lie down for a long time light and the numerical aperture of the lens vicorous for focusing. The change in speed, change in the larger numerical aperture (0.85, in equal parts of 0.6 for DVD), high-quality double-lens system, as well as the change in the thickness of the sound ball six times (0.1 mm instead of 0.6 mm) made it possible to carry out more efficient and correct flow of read/write operations. This made it possible to write information in fewer points on the disk, which means that more information was saved from the physical area of ​​the disk, as well as increased speed of reading up to 36 Mb / s. In addition to optical enhancements, Blu-ray discs also benefit from advanced data encoding technology that allows you to save more information.

Hard coating technology.

Through those that on the Blu-Ray discs, the data were expanded too close to the surface, the first versions of the discs were very sensitive to dents and other important mechanical inflows through which the stench was packed in plastic cartridges. Tse nedolіk yelled a lot of singsongness that the Blu-ray format can withstand the HD DVD standard - its main competitor. HD DVDs with their lower varsity can normally be used without cartridges, as well as CD and DVD formats, which are more sensible for buyers, and also more powerful for manufacturers and distributors, as they can be turbocharged with additives through cartridges.

The culmination of this problem appeared in sich 2004, with the appearance of a new polymer coating, which gave the discs a name-calling sound like a scuff and a saw. Tse pokrittya, razroblene corporation TDK, took away the name "Durabis", it allows cleaning BD for the help of paper servvets - yak can cause damage to CD and DVD. The HD DVD format can be small, so many discs are vibrated on the basis of old optical media. For information in the press "gol" BD s cim cover, they save the practice of winding up being tucked in with a twist.

HD DVD discs.

HD DVD (English) High Definition DVD- High-definition DVD) - recording technology from Toshiba (in conjunction with NEC and Sanyo). HD DVD is similar to Blu-ray Disc technology, as well as standard size discs (120 millimeters in diameter) and a 405 nanometer blue laser. Before the HD DVD alliance, Microsoft and Intel joined, as well as three major film studios: Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Warner Bros.

Single-ball HD DVD has a capacity of 15 GB, double-ball - 30 GB. Toshiba also announced a tri-ball drive that will save 45 GB of data. Less, lower capacity of the main Blu-ray superhero, which supports 25 GB per share and 100 GB per share, but the HD DVD holders make sure that rich Blu-ray discs are still available in retail. Both DVD formats and video editing techniques are the same: MPEG-2, Video Codec 1 (VC1, based on Windows Media 9 format) and H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC. HD DVD is often misspelled "HD-DVD" as people think it is called similarly to the older generation "DVD-R/RW".

Blu-ray Disc or shortened BD (in English. Blue ray - black promin and disc - disc) - this is the same generation of optical disc format - victories for saving high-definition video (with a separate building 1920 × 1080 pixels)

The Blu-ray standard was jointly developed by a group of companies for the production of by-bit electronics and computers on the basis of Sony, as it was promoted to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA). The pair with its main competitor, HD DVD, Blu-ray format, has more information capacity per share - 25 instead of 15 gigabytes, and at the same time the victories and supporters have more expensive ones.

Blu-ray (lit. "Blakitny-promin"), deleting its name from the short-haired 405 nm "blue" (technically blue-violet) laser, which allows you to record and read more data, lower on DVD, which can be physically obligatory, Ale vikoristovu for recording and implementation of a red laser of a greater length of life (650 nm).

HVD discs

Holographic Versatile Disc is a new generation of optical discs manufacturing technology, which is still widely known, as a way to increase data savings in Blu-ray and HD DVD. There is victorist technology known as holography, like vicorist two lasers, one is red, and the other is blue-green, collapsing in one breath. A blue-green laser reads data encoded in a holographic ball close to the surface of the disk, while a red laser is used to read servo signals from a regular CD ball in the depth of the disk. Servo-information is retrieved to determine the reading position, on the basis of the CHS system in a sound hard drive. On CD or DVD, this information is provided in the data.

Digital discs have a storage capacity of up to 3.9 terabytes (TB), which can be matched with 6000 CDs, 830 DVDs or 160 single-ball Blu-ray discs. HVD also has a data transfer rate of 1 GB/sec. Optware is going to release a 200GB disk on the cob of black 2006 and Maxell in spring 2006 with a capacity of 300GB.

Holographic Disc Structure (HVD)

1. Green laser read/write (532nm)
2. Red position / index laser (650nm)
3. Hologram (dani)
4. Polycarbonate ball
5. Photopolymeric (photopolimeric) ball (balloon to avenge data)
6. Expanding ball (Distans layers)
7. The ball reflects green colors (Dichroic layer)
8. Aluminum ball, which reflects (which reflects the red light)
9. Pronunciation basis
P. Pete (PIT)

See the friend on the disks

At the moment, on the market of technology, the presentation of the next video on the surface of discs in the CD / DVD-R format:

Offset method to another.

Showcography.

Thermal printing on CD / DVD-R discs.

Strumenevy druk (Ink-Jet) on CD / DVD-R discs.

Offset method to each other - the most often victorious for other commercial editions on CD and DVD. The main feature of this is those that the technology of images on CD, DVD practically does not differ in any way from the traditional polygraphic other, that the image can be full-coloured and dotted with blackness, although felcography in color is rarely done. On top of the image, a frosty ball of transparent varnish is applied.

Shovkografiya - method druk, when applying farbi on papyrus, it is pressed through a special mesh (stencil). Zvіdsi friend called shovkografії - stencil druk. Silk-screen printing is the main method of applying images to CDs, which are produced in medium circulations, and it is most suitable for other simple images with a quantity of tickets no more than five, while ensuring high clarity and clarity of color transmission. Stars and the main nedolіk - shovkografiya nasty to go through to transfer images of photographic quality. Prote, up to 900 copies of all editions in the world of optical discs are produced using the stencil method.

Thermal printing on CDs, DVDs.
The technology of thermal resistance is used in a combination of high temperature and short-hour pressure (pressure) on the head after which the barrel from the farbowal line is transferred to the surface of the disk, and the skin portion is microscopically expanded. Naturally, the farba is chosen in such a way that it is practical to be practical in whether or not it is good. That is why such an annex in the best rank is suitable for a friend in the main writing or folding small ones (for example, logotypes).

The most important advantage of CD, DVD thermal printers over jet printers are those that practically all stinks can be used on any CDs without requiring special coatings, as well as the high water resistance and durability of the image.

Strumenevy druk (Ink-Jet) on CD, DVD discs.
This is the best and quickest way to use CDs, DVDs, which is also ideal for creating small circulations. With the use of this method, we can more accurately display photographs with fine elements, folding ornaments or fine text.

Strumenevy druk is possible not on any, but only on special, "drug" CD / DVD discs, which can make the micro-roughness of the coating (Ink-Jet Printable), the ink is good to carburete, the other head is powdered. Trying to make friends on blanks, on the packages of which “Printable” is not written, to make it sound like a stink for a friend to start and go, sooner for everything it will end badly: droplets of ink cannot climb into the surface of the disk and “spread out” on the sides, ice will be inserted into drive. In addition, the surface of the surface is sensitive to vology. To fix the image, the discs can be covered with a special varnish or laminated, with which the surface of the disc becomes glossy. However, richly soft, especially “friendly” discs for a special victoria, full-power image and without varnishing.

Glossary of terms

Universal Disk Format (universalny disk format) - file system, yak vykoristovuetsya on re-recording CDs.

Discs with markings - "termo printable" (with a white ball) - are vicorated for thermal printing.

Discs with marking - "no printing" - shovkography and offset others.

Discs with markings - "Ink-jet printable" - strumenevy druk.

Pack with discs - "Spindl"